CSoS-STRE: A combat system-of-system space-time resilience enhancement framework

Abstract

A combat system-of-systems (CSoS) is a network of independent entities that interact to provide overall operational capabilities. Enhancing the resilience of CSoS is garnering increasing attention due to its practical value in optimizing network architectures, improving network security and refining operational planning. Accordingly, we present a unified framework called CSoS space-time resilience enhancement (CSoS-STRE) to enhance the resilience of CSoS. Specifically, we develop a spatial combat network model and a space-time resilience optimization model that captures the complex spatial relationships between entities and reformulates the resilience enhancement problem as a linear optimization model with spatial features. Moreover, we extend the model to include obstacles. Next, a resilience-oriented recovery optimization method based on the improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (R-INSGA) is proposed to determine the optimal recovery sequence for the damaged entities. This method incorporates spatial features while providing the optimal travel paths for multiple recovery teams. Finally, the feasibility, effectiveness, and superiority of the CSoS-STRE are demonstrated through a case study, providing valuable insights for guiding recovery and developing more resilient CSoS.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

combat system-of-systems / space-time resilience enhancement / resilience optimization model / recovery optimization method / no-obstacles and obstacles

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Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s42524-025-4179-y and is accessible for authorized users.

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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