Probes and nano-delivery systems targeting NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1: a mini-review

Abstract

The two-electron cytoplasmic reductase NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 is expressed in many tissues. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 is well-known for being highly expressed in most cancers. Therefore, it could be a target for cancer therapy. Because it is a quinone reductase, many bioimaging probes based on quinone structures target NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 to diagnose tumours. Its expression is higher in tumours than in normal tissues, and using target drugs such as β-lapachone to reduce side effects in normal tissues can help. However, the physicochemical properties of β-lapachone limit its application. The problem can be solved by using nanosystems to deliver β-lapachone. This mini-review summarizes quinone-based fluorescent, near-infrared and two-photon fluorescent probes, as well as nanosystems for delivering the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1-activating drug β-lapachone. This review provides valuable information for the future development of probes and nano-delivery systems that target NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1.

Keywords

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 / cancer therapy / target / probe / nanosystem

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Tianjin Science and Technology Committee (Grant No. 19JCYBJC28400), the Basic Research General Program of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission in 2020 (Grant No. JCYJ20190806162412752).

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