Synthesis and characterization of organomodified Na-MMT using cation and anion surfactants

Abstract

The Sodium Montmorillonite (Na-MMT) is not susceptible to polymer due to its organophilic character and low basal spacing. The primary objective of this study was to improve Na-MMT platelets separation by organically modifying it with cation and anion exchanges using Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) respectively. Basal spacing, presence of functional groups, Zeta-potential with particle size analysis and thermal stability of the Organomodified Na-MMT (OMMT) were characterized using XRD, FTIR, zeta-potential analyzer and TGA respectively. The basal spacing of CTAB modified OMMT increased to 19.5 Å from 11.0 Å which corresponds to the basal spacing of Na-MMT. The SDS modified OMMT did not show any increase in the basal spacing. FTIR spectra of CTAB modified Na-MMT illustrated the attachment of CTAB functional groups to Na-MMT, while the same was absent in the case of SDS modified Na-MMT. The zeta-potential of Na-MMT shifted from -24.88 mV to 15.66 mV in the case of CTAB modified Na-MMT and 12.49 mV for SDS modified Na-MMT, indicating a greater surface potential of the modified nanoclay. The TGA showed greater weight loss for CTAB modified Na-MMT than that for Na-MMT, indicating the effective Na⁺ ion exchange with alkyl amines.

Keywords

Na-MMT / CTAB / SDS / XRD / FTIR / zeta-potential

References

[1] Mansor, B.; Wisam, H., Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences2009, 4, 184-188

[2] Xi, Y.; Frost, R. L.; He, H.; Kloprogge, T.; Bostrom, T., Langmuir2005, 21, 8675-8680

[3] Yürdü C.; Işçi, S.; Ünlü C.; Atici, O.; Ece, Ö. I.; Güngör, N., Bull. Mater. Sci.2005, 28, 623-628

[4] Lin Jie, Z. H. I.; Bing, H. A. N.; Tong, Z. H. A. O.; Yun Zhao, Y. U.; Hong Sheng, W. A. N. G., Chin. Chem. Lett.2003, 14, 108-110

[5] Yebassa, D.; Balakrishnan, S.; Feresenbet, E.; Raghavan, D.; Start, P. R.; Hudson, S. D., J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.2004, 42, 1310-1321

[6] Lin, J. J.; Chan, Y.N.; Lan, Y.F., Materials2010, 3, 2588-2605

[7] Mohd Ishak, Z. A., Kusmono, W. S., Chow, T., Takeichi, T.Rochmadi, Effect of organoclay modification on the mechanical, morphology, and thermal properties of injection molded polyamide polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites. In: Proceedings of the Polymer Processing Society 24th Annual Meeting, Salerno, Italy, 2008

[8] Beall, G. W., Appl. Clay Sci.2003, 24, 11-20

[9] Hoidy, W.;Ahmad, M.; Mulla, A.IbrahimN. A.Am. J. Appl. Sci.2009, 6, 1567-1572

[10] Mravčáková. M.; Omastova, M.;Potschke, P.;Pozsgay, A.;Pukanszky, B.;Pionteck, J., Adv. Technol.2006, 17, 715-726

[11] Samakande, A.; Hartmann, P. C.; Cloete, V.; Sanderson, R. D., Polymer (Guildf.)2007, 48, 1490-1499

[12] Zhu, Y.; Ma, H. Y.; Tong, L. F.; Fang, Z. P., Chinese Journal of Polymer Scence2008, 26, 783

[13] Hakan, A.; Mehmet, A. T.; Filip, D. P.; Yusuf, Y., Eur. Polym. J.2008, 44, 1949—1954

[14] Chua, Y. C.; Lu, X. H., Langmuir 2007, 23, 1701-1710

[15] Yang, K.; Huang, Y. J.; Dong, J. Y., Polymer (Guildf.) 2007, 48, 6254-6261

[16] Fornes, T. D.; Yoon, P. J. D. L., Polymer (Guildf.) 2002, 43, 5915-5933

[17] Stretz, H. A.; Paul, D. R.; Li, R.; Keskkula, H.; Cassidy, P. E., Polymer (Guildf.) 2005, 46, 2621-2637

[18] Shah, R. K.; Kim, D. H.; Paul, D. R., Polymer (Guildf.) 2007, 48, 1047-1057

[19] Tjong, S., Mater. Sci. Eng.2006, 53, 73-197

[20] Wang, L.; Wang, K.; Chen, L.; Zhang, Y.; He, C., Compos., Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf.2006, 37, 1890-1896

[21] Subramaniyan, A. K.; Sun, C. T., Compos., Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf.2007, 38, 34-43

[22] Kim, J. K.; Hu, C. G.; Woo, R. S. C.; Sham, R. L., Compos. Sci. Technol.2005, 65, 805-813

[23] Xu, B.; Zheng, Q.; Song, Y.; Shangguan, Y., Polymer (Guildf.) 2006, 47, 2904-2910

[24] Zhang, Z.; Liao, L.; Xia, Z., Appl. Clay Sci. 2010, 50, 576-581

[25] Xu, Z. B.; Kong, W. W.; Zhou, M. X.; Peng, M., Chinese Journal of Polymer Science2010, 28, 615-662

[26] Yukselen, Y.; Erzin, Y., Environmental Geology 2008, 54, 1059-1066

[27] Khoeini, M.; Bazgir, S.; Tamizifar, M.; Nemati, A.; Arzani, K., Ceramics-Silikáty.2009, 53, 254-259

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg