High-Efficiency Photo-Induced Charge Transfer for SERS Sensing in N-Doped 3D-Graphene on Si Heterojunction

Abstract

Nitrogen-doped three-dimensional graphene (N-doped 3D-graphene) is a graphene derivative with excellent adsorption capacity, large specific surface area, high porosity, and optoelectronic properties. Herein, N-doped 3D-graphene/Si heterojunctions were grown in situ directly on silicon (Si) substrates via plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD), which is promising for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates candidates. Combined analyses of theoretical simulation, incorporating N atoms in 3D-graphene are beneficial to increase the electronic state density of the system and enhance the charge transfer between the substrate and the target molecules. The enhancement of the optical and electric fields benefits from the stronger light-matter interaction improved by the natural nano-resonator structure of N-doped 3D-graphene. The as-prepared SERS substrates based on N-doped 3D-graphene/Si heterojunctions achieve ultra-low detection for various molecules: 10^-8 M for methylene blue (MB) and 10^-9 M for crystal violet (CRV) with rhodamine (R6G) of 10^-10 M. In practical detected, 10^-8 M thiram was precisely detected in apple peel extract. The results indicate that N-doped 3D-graphene/Si heterojunctions based-SERS substrates have promising applications in low-concentration molecular detection and food safety.

Keywords

charge transfer / DFT simulation / N-doped 3D-graphene / SERS / Thiram detection

References

[1] X. Gong , M. Tang , Z. Gong , Z. Qiu , D. Wang , M. Fan , Food Chem. 2019, 295, 254.

[2] M. M. Joseph , N. Narayanan , J. B. Nair , V. Karunakaran , A. N. Ramya , P. T. Sujai , G. Saranya , J. S. Arya , V. M. Vijayan , K. K. Maiti , Biomaterials 2018, 181, 140.

[3] T. T. X. Ong , E. W. Blanch , O. A. H. Jones , Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 720, 137601.

[4] P. Kusch , S. Mastel , N. S. Mueller , N. M. Azpiazu , S. Heeg , R. Gorbachev , F. Schedin , U. Hübner , J. I. Pascual , S. Reich , R. Hillenbrand , Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 2667.

[5] Y. Wang , H. Chen , M. Sun , Z. Yao , B. Quan , Z. Liu , Y. Weng , J. Zhao , C. Gu , J. Li , Carbon 2017, 122, 98.

[6] S. Guo , S. Jin , E. Park , L. Chen , Z. Mao , Y. M. Jung , A. C. S. Appl , Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 5699.

[7] J. Y. Kim , Z. C. Zeng , L. Xiao , Z. D. Schultz , Anal. Chem. 2017, 89, 13074.

[8] N. Zhang , L. Tong , J. Zhang , Chem. Mater. 2016, 28, 6426.

[9] Y. Hong , S. Wang , Q. Li , X. Song , Z. Wang , X. Zhang , F. Besenbacher , M. Dong , Nanoscale 2019, 11, 19334.

[10] A. Jabłońska , A. Jaworska , M. Kasztelan , S. Berbeć , B. Pałys , Curr. Med. Chem. 2019, 26, 6878.

[11] A. N. Banerjee , Interface Focus 2018, 8, 712.

[12] K. Chen , L. Shi , Y. Zhang , Z. Liu , Chem. Soc. Rev. 2018, 47, 3018.

[13] D. J. Hsu , Y. W. Chi , K. P. Huang , C. C. Hu , Electrochim. Acta 2019, 300, 324.

[14] G. Lin , H. Wang , L. Zhang , Q. Cheng , Z. Gong , K. Ostrikov , J. Power Sources 2019, 437, 226909.

[15] C. Neumann , D. Kaiser , M. J. Mohn , M. Füser , N. E. Weber , O. Reimer , A. Gölzhäuser , T. Weimann , A. Terfort , U. Kaiser , A. Turchanin , ACS Nano 2019, 13, 7310.

[16] X. Feng , Z. He , W. Zhu , M. Zhao , Z. Liu , S. Yang , S. Tang , Q. Guo , Z. Jin , D. Chen , G. Ding , G. Wang , J. Mater. Chem. C 2021, 9, 609.

[17] X. Liu , Q. Zhou , S. Luo , H. Du , Z. Cao , X. Peng , W. Feng , J. Shen , D. Wei , A. C. S. Appl , Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 17663.

[18] R. Sharma , S. Khan , V. Goyal , V. Sharma , K. S. Sharma , Flat Chem. 2017, 1, 20.

[19] G. Wang , M. Zhang , D. Chen , Q. Guo , X. Feng , T. Niu , X. Liu , A. Li , J. Lai , D. Sun , Z. Liao , Y. Wang , P. K. Chu , G. Ding , X. Xie , Z. Di , X. Wang , Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 5168.

[20] D. Wei , Y. Liu , Y. Wang , H. Zhang , L. Huang , G. Yu , Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 1752.

[21] C. Ma , Q. Liao , H. Sun , S. Lei , Y. Zheng , R. Yin , A. Zhao , Q. Li , B. Wang , Nano Lett. 2018, 18, 386.

[22] G. Song , Z. Li , A. Meng , M. Zhang , K. Li , K. Zhu , J. Alloys Compd. 2017, 706, 147.

[23] X. Wang , W. Shi , S. Wang , H. Zhao , J. Lin , Z. Yang , M. Chen , L. Guo , J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 5856.

[24] L. Tao , K. Chen , Z. Chen , C. Cong , C. Qiu , J. Chen , X. Wang , H. Chen , Y. Ting , W. Xie , S. Deng , J. B. Xu , J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 8696.

[25] H. Xu , L. Xie , H. Zhang , J. Zhang , ACS Nano 2011, 5, 5338.

[26] E. Er , H. L. Hou , A. Criado , J. Langer , M. Möller , N. Erk , L. M. L. Marzÿn , M. Prato , Chem. Mater. 2019, 31, 5725.

[27] Y. Zhang , J. Ahn , J. Liu , D. Qin , Chem. Mater. 2018, 30, 2151.

[28] L. Li , W. S. Chin , A. C. S. Appl , Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 37538.

[29] Y. N. Wang , Y. Zhang , W. S. Zhang , Z. R. Xu , Sens. Actuators B 2018, 260, 400.

[30] N. Singh , J. Prakash , M. Misra , A. Sharma , R. K. Gupta , A. C. S. Appl , Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 28495.

[31] L. Zhang , Y. Fang , P. Zhang , Chem. Phys. Lett. 2008, 451, 102.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2022 The Authors. Energy & Environmental Materials published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Zhengzhou University.