Accelerated Sequential Deposition Reaction via Crystal Orientation Engineering for Low-Temperature, High-Efficiency Carbon-Electrode CsPbBr₃ Solar Cells

Abstract

Low-temperature, ambient processing of high-quality CsPbBr₃ films is demanded for scalable production of efficient, low-cost carbon-electrode perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we demonstrate a crystal orientation engineering strategy of PbBr₂ precursor film to accelerate its reaction with CsBr precursor during two-step sequential deposition of CsPbBr₃ films. Such a novel strategy is proceeded by adding CsBr species into PbBr₂ precursor, which can tailor the preferred crystal orientation of PbBr₂ film from [020] into [031], with CsBr additive staying in the film as CsPb₂Br₅ phase. Theoretical calculations show that the reaction energy barrier of (031) planes of PbBr₂ with CsBr is lower about 2.28 eV than that of (020) planes. Therefore, CsPbBr₃ films with full coverage, high purity, high crystallinity, micro-sized grains can be obtained at a low temperature of 150 °C. Carbon-electrode PSCs with these desired CsPbBr₃ films yield the record-high efficiency of 10.27% coupled with excellent operation stability. Meanwhile, the 1 cm² area one with the superior efficiency of 8.00% as well as the flexible one with the champion efficiency of 8.27% and excellent mechanical bending characteristics are also achieved.

Keywords

carbon-electrode perovskite solar cells / crystal orientation engineering / CsPbBr ₃ / low temperature / two-step sequential deposition

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2022 The Authors. Energy & Environmental Materials published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Zhengzhou University.