混合-增强智能：协作与认知

Abstract

人工智能追求的长期目标是使机器能像人一样学习和思考。由于人类面临的许多问题具有不确定性、脆弱性和开放性，任何智能程度的机器都无法完全取代人类，这就需要将人的作用或人的认知模型引入到人工智能系统中，形成混合-增强智能的形态，这种形态是人工智能或机器智能的可行的、重要的成长模式。混合-增强智能可以分为两类基本形式：一类是人在回路的人机协同混合增强智能，另一类是将认知模型嵌入机器学习系统中，形成基于认知计算的混合智能。本文讨论人机协同的混合-增强智能的基本框架，以及基于认知计算的混合-增强智能的基本要素：直觉推理与因果模型、记忆和知识演化；特别论述了直觉推理在复杂问题求解中的作用和基本原理，以及基于记忆与推理的视觉场景理解的认知学习网络；阐述了竞争-对抗式认知学习方法，并讨论了其在自动驾驶方面的应用；最后给出混合-增强智能在相关领域的典型应用。

Keywords

人-机协同 / 混合增强智能 / 认知计算 / 直觉推理 / 因果模型 / 认知映射 / 视觉场景理解 / 自主驾驶汽车

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