Supporting flexible regulation of crisismanagement by means of situated artificial institution<FootNote> Project supported by CAPES-PDSE (No. 4926145), CNPq (Nos. 448462/2014-1 and 306301/2012-1) and ARC 6 Region Rh?ne-Alpes (No. ARC-13-009716-01) </FootNote><FootNote> A preliminary version was presented at the 13th International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, June 3–4, 2015, Spain </FootNote>

Abstract

This paper highlights the use of situated artificial institution (SAI) within a hybrid, interactive,normative multi-agent system to regulate human collaboration in crisis management. Norms regulate the actions of human actors based on the dynamics of the environment in which they are situated. This dynamics results from both environment evolution and actors’ actions. Our objective is to situate norms in the environment in order to provide a context-aware crisis regulation. However, this coupling must be a loose one to keep both levels independent and easyto-change in order to face the complex and changing crisis situations. To that aim, we introduce a constitutive level between environmental and normative states providing a loose coupling of normative regulation with environment evolution. Norms are thus no more referring to environmental facts but to status functions, i.e., the institutional interpretation of environmental facts through constitutive rules. We present how this declarative and distinct SAI modelling succeeds in managing the crisis with a context-aware crisis regulation.

Keywords

Situated artificial institutions (SAIs) / Normative system / Tangible interaction / Crisis management

References

[1] Aldewereld, H., Álvarez-Napagao, S., Dignum, F., , 2010. Making norms concrete. Proc. 9th Int. Conf. on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, p.807–814.

[2] Boella, G., van der Torre, L., Verhagen, H., 2008. Introduction to the special issue on normative multiagent systems. Auton. Agents Multi-Agent Syst., 17(1):1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10458-008-9047-8

[3] Campos, J., López-Sánchez, M., Rodríguez-Aguilar, J.A.,, 2009. Formalising situatedness and adaptation in electronic institutions. Int. Workshops on Coordination, Organizations, Institutions and Norms in Agent Systems, p.126–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00443-8_9

[4] Cardoso, H.L., Oliveira, E., 2007. Institutional reality and norms: specifying and monitoring agent organizations. Int. J. Cooper. Inform. Syst., 16(1):67–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0218843007001573

[5] Cliffe, O., de Vos, M., Padget, J., 2007. Answer set programming for representing and reasoning about virtual institutions. 7th Int. Workshop on Computational Logic in Multi-Agent Systems, p.60–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69619-3_4

[6] da Silva dos Santos, I.A., da Rocha Costa, A.C., 2009. Toward a framework for simulating agent-based models of public policy processes on the Jason-CArtAgo platform. Proc. 2nd Int. Workshop on Agent-Based Modeling for Policy Engineering, p.45–59.

[7] Dastani, M., van der Torre, L., Yorke-Smith, N., 2013. Monitoring interaction in organisations. Int. Workshops on Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, and Norms in Agent Systems, p.17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37756-3_2

[8] de Brito, M., Hübner, J.F., Bordini, R.H., 2013. Programming institutional facts in multi-agent systems. 14th Int. Workshop on Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, and Norms, p.158–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37756-3_10

[9] de Brito, M., Hübner, J.F., Boissier, O., 2014. A conceptual model for situated artificial institutions. 15th Int. Workshop on Computational Logic in Multi-Agent Systems, p.35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09764-0_3

[10] de Brito, M., Hübner, J.F., Boissier, O., 2015a. Bringing constitutive dynamics to situated artificial institutions. 17th Portuguese Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, p.624–637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23485-4_63

[11] de Brito, M., Thévin, L., Garbay, C., , 2015b. Situated artificial institution to support advanced regulation in the field of crisis management. 13th Int. Conf. on Practical Applications of Agents, Multi-Agent Systems, p.66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18944-4_6

[12] de Brito, M., Hübner, J.F., Boissier, O., 2016. Coupling regulative and constitutive dimensions in situated artificial institutions. 13th European Conf. on Multi-Agent Systems & 3rd Int. Conf. on Agreement Technologies. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33509-4_25

[13] Dugdale, J., Bellamine-Ben Saoud, N., Pavard, B., , 2010. Simulation and emergency management. In: van de Walle, B., Turoff, M., Hiltz, S.R. (Eds.), Information Systems for Emergency Management. Part IV. Systems Design and Technology, Chapter 10.

[14] Ferraris, C., Martel, C., 2000. Regulation in groupware: the example of a collaborative drawing tool for young children. 6th Int. Workshop on Groupware, p.119–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CRIWG.2000.885163

[15] Fornara, N., Viganò, F., Verdicchio, M., , 2008. Artificial institutions: a model of institutional reality for open multiagent systems. Artif. Intell. Law, 16(1):89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10506-007-9055-z

[16] Franke, J., Charoy, F., 2010. Design of a collaborative disaster response process management system. 9th Int. Conf. on the Design of Cooperative Systems, p.57–77.

[17] Garbay, C., Badeig, F., Caelen, J., 2012. Normative multiagent approach to support collaborative work in distributed tangible environments, Proc. ACM Conf. on Computer Supported Cooperative Work Companion, p.83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2141512.2141548

[18] Grossi, D., Aldewereld, H., Vázquez-Salceda, J., , 2006. Ontological aspects of the implementation of norms in agent-based electronic institutions. Comput. Math. Organ. Theory, 12(2):251–275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10588-006-9546-6

[19] Jones, A.J.I., Sergot, M., 1996. A formal characterisation of institutionalised power. Logic J. IGPL, 4(3):427–443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/4.3.427

[20] Kubicki, S., Lepreux, S., Kolski, C., 2012. RFID-driven situation awareness on Tangisense, a table interacting with tangible objects. Pers. Ubiq. Comput., 16(8):1079–1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00779-011-0442-9

[21] Oh, J., Meneguzzi, F., Sycara, K.P., , 2011. An agent architecture for prognostic reasoning assistance. Proc. 22nd Int. Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, p.2513–2518. http://dx.doi.org/10.5591/978-1-57735-516-8/IJCAI11-418

[22] Okuyama, F.Y., Bordini, R.H., da Rocha Costa, A.C., 2013. Situated normative infrastructures: the normative object approach. J. Log. Comput., 23(2):397–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exr029

[23] Oomes, A.H.J., 2004. Organization awareness in crisis management—dynamic organigrams for more effective disaster response. Int. Conf. on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, p.63–68.

[24] Panagiotidi, S., Álvarez-Napagao, S., Vázquez-Salceda, J., 2013. Towards the norm-aware agent: bridging the gap between deontic specifications and practical mechanisms for norm monitoring and norm-aware planning. Int. Workshops on Coordination, Organizations, Institutions and Norms in Agent Systems, p.346–363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07314-9_19

[25] Pipek, V., Liu, S.B., Kerne, A., 2014. Crisis informatics and collaboration: a brief introduction. Comput. Supported Cooper. Work, 23(4):339–345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10606-014-9211-4

[26] Piunti, M., Boissier, O., Hübner, J.F., , 2010. Embodied organizations: a unifying perspective in programming agents, organizations and environments. Proc. Multi-Agent Logics, Languages, and Organisations Federated Workshops, p.98–114.

[27] Ricci, A., Piunti, M., Viroli, M., 2011. Environment programming in multi-agent systems: an artifact-based perspective. Auton. Agents Multi-Agent Syst., 23(2):158–192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10458-010-9140-7

[28] Russell, S., Norvig, P., 2003. Artificial Intelligence: a Modern Approach. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

[29] Searle, J., 1995. The Construction of Social Reality. Free Press, New York.

[30] Searle, J., 2009. Making the Social World: the Structure of Human Civilization. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

[31] Shaer, O., Hornecker, E., 2010. Tangible user interfaces: past, present, and future directions. Found. Trends Human-Comput. Interact., 3(1-2):1–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/1100000026

[32] Thévin, L., Badeig, F., Dugdale, J., , 2014. Un système multi-agent normatif pour la collaboration et l’interaction mixte. In: Courdier, R., Jamont, J.P. (Eds.), Principe de Parcimonie- JFSMA 14- Vingtdeuxièmes Journées Francophones sur les Systèmes Multi-Agents, Loriol-sur-Drôme, p.203–212 (in French).

[33] Vázquez-Salceda, J., Aldewereld, H., Dignum, F., 2004. Implementing norms in multiagent systems. 2nd German Conf. on Multiagent System Technologies, p.313–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30082-3_23

[34] Viganò, F., Colombetti, M., 2007. Specification and verification of institutions through status functions. Int. Workshops on Coordination, Organizations, Institutions and Norms in Agent Systems, p.115–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74459-7_8

[35] Viganò, F., Colombetti, M., 2008. Model checking norms and sanctions in institutions. Int. Workshops on Coordination, Organizations, Institutions and Norms in Agent Systems, p.316–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79003-7_23

[36] Weyns, D., Omicini, A., Odell, J., 2007. Environment as a first-class abstraction in multiagent systems. Auton. Agents Multi-Agent Syst., 14(1):5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10458-006-0012-0

[37] y López, F.L., Luck, M., d’Inverno, M., 2006. A normative framework for agent-based systems. Comput. Math. Organ. Theory, 12(2-3):227–250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10588-006-9545-7

[38] Zhang, S.C., Gu, N., Yang, J.M., 2006. A norm-driven state machine model for CSCW systems. Expert Syst. Appl., 31(4):800–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2006.01.007