To provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the Psychological and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents (PBICR), this paper introduces its background and features from four aspects. In terms of design concept, the PBICR focuses on various aspects of the mental health and health behaviors of the Chinese population, takes full account of timeliness and efficiency, adheres to the original intention of open data access and data sharing, and builds a high-quality database with large-sample, multi-center, repetitive, and a nationwide cross-sectional design to promote data mining and exchange and cooperation; in terms of survey implementation, the PBICR adopts a combination of population size-proportional, multi-stage sampling and quota sampling, and obtains data through face-to-face field surveys with strict quality control to ensure the representativeness and reliability of the samples. Regarding to the output, the PBICR's research content is rich and updated in line with international hotspots, which can satisfy the demand for research needs on diversified variables and data. Previous research results have had a significant impact in many fields such as public health, management, communication, and psychology. Looking ahead, the PBICR will gradually complete the construction of databases from the general database to sub-databases, pay attention to special populations and globally widespread areas, add perspectives on tracking surveys and biomedical data research, and have greater research potential to drive research on the mental and behavioral health of Chinese population through the overall layout of the multi-dimensional.
Background: With the deepening of healthcare reform in China, research in primary care and general practice has rapidly developed in recent years, leading to a significant increase in the number of published papers.
Objective: To summarize and analyze the scientific papers published in the field of primary care and general practice in China in 2021, and to explore their characteristics in terms of publication volume, journals, regions, institutions, research categories, research methods, and number of authors.
Methods: This study employed a scoping review method and bibliometric techniques to systematically retrieve and quantitatively analyze scientific papers in the field of primary care and general practice published in 2021 by Chinese research institutions. The databases used for this study included CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, and Web of Science.
Results: In 2021, a total of 3,122 original research papers were published in the field of primary care and general practice in China. The number of paper published in primary care facilities accounted for 57.69 %, with most papers authored by single authors. Among these facilities, those located in eastern China contributed 80.12 % of the publications. The main research categories were clinical researches (58.23 %) and health services researches (27.07 %). Co-occurrence analysis of keywords using VOSviewer indicated that research topics focused on “chronic disease management” and “family doctors contracted services.” The predominant research methods were randomized controlled trials (40.87 %) and cross-sectional studies (36.71 %). The majority of these papers were published in non-core and non-SCI/SSCI journals (76.75 %), with only 6.98 % published in SCI/SSCI journals.
Conclusion: The productivity level in the field of primary care and general practice in China has now reached a globally leading position, with primary care facilities in the eastern regions making significant contributions. The research topics are closely aligned with institutional practices and health policies in China. However, there are still several challenges in this field, such as a lack of collaboration among researchers in primary care facilities, potential quality concerns due to the extensive use of randomized controlled trial methods, and low recognition of Chinese research in this field by international SCI/SSCI journals.
Background: Diabetic patients require continuous medical and preventative integrated services. However, due to the separation between "medical care" and "prevention," the use of integrated medical-preventive services for diabetes patients remains inadequate.
Objective: To investigate diabetic patients’ behaviors and influential factors of using medical and preventative integrated services in Shandong Province, and to inform further improvement of related policies and practices.
Methods: A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of 600 diabetic patients in Shandong Province. Binary logistic regression model was employed to analyze the influential factors of using medical and preventative integrated services of diabetic patients in Shandong Province.
Results: The participants reported 54.5 % of diabetic patients had better use of using medical and preventative integrated services. Diabetic patients with junior high school education(OR = 1.896), good cognition of medical and preventative integrated services (OR = 5.818), good health beliefs (OR = 2.701), and contracted a family doctor (OR = 2.106) had better use of medical and preventative integrated services (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Currently, there remains significant room for improvement in using medical and preventative integrated services for diabetic patients in Shandong Province, and it is necessary to continue enhancing medical and preventative integrated services, promoting the family doctor contracting program, and increase the publicity of higher sores of using medical and preventative integrated services and related policies.
Background: With the global population aging at an accelerating rate, the rapid growth of the elderly population in China presents a series of health challenges, particularly in the management of chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Residents of original residential communities, a unique social unit within the urbanization process, experience a higher prevalence of comorbidities related to these conditions. This underscores the urgent need for effective and comprehensive management strategies. Family function plays a critical role in the management of chronic diseases. For patients with the hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, family support is not only crucial for improving treatment outcomes but also a key factor in enhancing overall quality of life.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of comorbidities and family function among older people of original residential communities of Guangzhou city with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.
Methods: A stratified random sampling method was employed to conduct a survey using the Family APGAR Questionnaire. The survey targeted patients aged 60 and above with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in the Panyu District of Guangzhou, to explore the comorbidities, family function and its influencing factors.
Results: A total of 2,507 patients were surveyed. Among them, 202(8.1%) had only one condition, 1,712(68.3%) had two conditions, and 593 patients (23.7%) had all three conditions. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the types of conditions present based on variables such as gender, place of residence, number of household members with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, BMI, exercise habits, fasting blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, and family function score. The prevalence ratio for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes was 2.4: 2.4: 1. Among the comorbidity patterns, hypertension combined with dyslipidemia was the most common (1,404 cases, 56.0%), followed by patients with all three conditions (593 cases, 23.7%). No statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in the distribution of different comorbidity patterns between genders or across age groups. The mean total family function score was 7.63±1.83. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in the partnership, affection, and resolve sub-scores, as well as in the total family function scores, among patients with different disease patterns. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified gender (female: β = -0.148, t = -2.275, P = 0.023), place of residence (Apartment complex: β = -0.155, t = -2.402, P = 0.016), and fasting blood glucose levels (abnormal glucose: β = -0.045, t = -2.465, P = 0.014) as risk factors for lower total family function scores. On the other hand, the number of family members with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia (two or more: β = 0.174, t = 2.356, P = 0.026) and the type of disease patterns (comorbidity of two conditions: β = 0.193, t = 2.586, P = 0.010; comorbidity of all three conditions: β = 0.342, t = 3.248, P = 0.001) were identified as protective factors for higher total family function scores.
Conclusion: Elderly patients with the hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in original residential community of Guangzhou city predominantly exhibit a "comorbidity of two conditions" pattern with generally good family function. Gender, place of residence, the number of family members with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, type of disease, and fasting blood glucose levels are key influencing factors of family function.
This article systematically reviews the development of primary healthcare (PHC) in China over the past 45 years, using data from the “China Health Statistics Yearbook” for 2010-2012, the "China Health and Family Planning Statistics Yearbook" for 2013-2017, and the "China Health Statistics Yearbook" for 2018-2022, along with 2023 World Bank data on infant mortality rate, maternal mortality rate, and average life expectancy for China and upper middle income countries. The development of PHC in China is divided into four stages, and the achievements included the gradual improvement of the PHC network, universal coverage of basic medical insurance, and the expansion of basic public health services in scope and funding. There has been a steady increase in family doctor contracting percentages and continuous improvement in the health status of women and children, ranking key health indicators of China among the top of upper-middle-income countries. Current challenges include imbalanced infrastructure development in PHC, a declining proportion of medical insurance funds, lack of vitality in operational mechanisms, and low salary levels and imperfect incentive system. This paper summarizes the international experience relevant to primary health care and proposes future development strategies in China.
Background: The epidemiology of multimorbidity, inpatient care utilization, and associated factors among inpatients in rural primary health care facilities in China remains unclear, hindering effective prevention and management of multimorbidity in rural populations.
Objectives This study aims to investigate the patterns of multimorbidity, inpatient care utilization, and related factors among hospitalized patients in township health centers (rural primary healthcare facilities) in Guangxi, China.
Methods: A multistage stratified and cluster random sampling method was employed to select 10 township health centers (rural primary healthcare facilities) in Nanning, Wuzhou, Liuzhou, Yulin, and Guigang of Guangxi Autonomous Region of China. De-identified inpatient medical records from January 1, 2021, to June 30, 2023, were retrieved from inpatient and chronic disease management systems. Statistical analyses, including the Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test, and multinomial logistic regression, were used to explore the demographic characteristics, multimorbidity prevalence, comorbidity number, multimorbidity patterns, hospitalization frequency, and associated factors among inpatients with multimorbidity.
Results: A total of 9,330 patients with multimorbidity were included, with an average age of 68.1 ±11.8 years, and 52.6 % were female. The overall prevalence of multimorbidity was 31.24 %. The most prevalent comorbidity number was 2 (53.22 %), followed by 3 (28.76 %), 4 (12.92 %), and ≥5(5.1 %). Hypertension was the most prevalent co-existing chronic condition, and the most common multimorbidity patterns included combinations of hypertension, chronic cervical and lumbar spondylosis, chronic gastrointestinal diseases, stroke, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and chronic pulmonary diseases. The median number of hospitalization frequency for the top 10 multimorbidity patterns ranged from 1 to 4.5, with significant differences in hospitalization frequency across multimorbidity groups. Age, BMI, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, ethnicity, marital status, and medical insurance were significantly associated with number of co-existing chronic conditions, while age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, ethnicity, marital status, education level, medical insurance, and number of co-existing chronic conditions were significantly associated with hospitalization frequency.
Conclusions The prevalence of multimorbidity among inpatients in township health centers(rural primary healthcare facilities) in Guangxi is high. Hypertension was the most prevalent co-existing condition, with frequent combinations involving chronic cervical and lumbar spondylosis, gastrointestinal diseases, stroke, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and chronic pulmonary diseases. Multiple factors influence both number of co-exsiting chronic conditions and hospitalization frequency, emphasizing the need for comprehensive, multifaceted strategies to manage the challenges of multimorbidity in rural primary healthcare facilities.
Background: Home medicine contract service Family doctor contracted service (home medicine service) is an important measure for deepening medical reform in China, aimed at improving people's health level and the efficiency of the health service system. home medicine service Family doctor contracted service has achieved rapid development in terms of quantity, but there is currently a lack of research evidence related to the quality of home medicine service.
Objectives To understand the current status and existing problems of home medicine service family doctor contracted service quality in Beijing from the perspective of general practitioners (GPs), and provide reference for improving the quality of home medicine service family doctor contracted service.
Methods: A total of 18 general practitioner GPs from 18 community health service institutions centers in 9 districts of Beijing were selected through purposive sampling from August 2023 to June 2024, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with general practitioner GPs based on the structure process outcome framework interview outline. Analyze tThe data were analyzed through thematic analysis and to extract interview themes.
Results: The study extracted 3 themes and 11 sub-themes. Topic 1: The structural quality of home medicine service family doctor contracted service (policy guidance and implementation, institutional conditions and facilities, assessment and incentive mechanisms for home medicine services, home healthcare team building). Topic 2: Process quality of home medicine service family doctor contracted service (contract service content, referral and treatment service process, outpatient service standards). Theme 3: The effectiveness of home medicine service family doctor contracted service (improvement in residents' health levels, increased willingness to seek medical treatment, need to strengthen residents' recognition of home medicine service family doctor contracted service, increased occupational pressure on general practitioner GPs).
Conclusions Since the implementation of home medical service family doctor contracted service, the quality of services has gradually improved, but there are still some limiting factors. We should strengthen policy support, optimize service content and processes, integrate quality evaluation systems with incentive mechanisms, enhance the comprehensive service capabilities of general practitioner GPs and establish efficient home medical familu doctor teams.