Potentials of emergent plant residue derived biochar to be alternative carbon-based phosphorus fertilizer by Fe(II)/Fe(III) magnetic modification
Hongjuan Xin , Jiao Yang , Yuanyuan Lu , Hekang Xiao , Haitao Wang , Kamel M. Eltohamy , Xueqi Zhu , Chunlong Liu , Yunying Fang , Ye Ye , Xinqiang Liang
Biochar ›› 2024, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (1) : 15
Potentials of emergent plant residue derived biochar to be alternative carbon-based phosphorus fertilizer by Fe(II)/Fe(III) magnetic modification
Emergent plants have been remarkably effective in reducing phosphorus (P) discharge from ecological ditches; however, the treatment and recycling of these residues is a great challenge. In this study, magnetic biochars (MBs, i.e., MB-A, MB-C, and MB-T) were fabricated from three emergent plant residues (Acorus calamus L., Canna indica L., and Thalia dealbata Fraser, respectively) and modified with Fe(II)/Fe(III). Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectra confirmed the successful loading of Fe3O4 and FeO(OH) onto the surfaces of the MBs. Batch adsorption experiments showed that MBs exhibited a higher P adsorption capacity than that of the raw biochars. Within the range of 0.8–43.0 mg L−1 in solution, the adsorption capacities of P by MB-A, MB-C, and MB-T were 304.6–5658.8, 314.9–6845.6, and 292.8–5590.0 mg kg−1, with adsorption efficiencies of 95.2–32.9%, 98.4–39.8%, and 91.5–32.5%, respectively. The primary mechanisms that caused P to adsorb onto the MBs were inner-sphere complexation and electrostatic attraction. Low pH conditions were more beneficial for the P adsorption of the MBs, while co-existing anions had a negative impact with the following order: HCO3− > SO42− > Cl−≈NO3−. The P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance results further demonstrated that the main adsorbed P species on the MBs was orthophosphate, followed by orthophosphate monoesters and DNA. Overall, MBs offer a resource utilization strategy for emergent plant residues and P-laden MBs are promising alternative P fertilizers.
| • | Emergent plant biochar modified with Fe(II)/Fe(III) enhanced P adsorption capacity. |
| • | Canna indica residue-derived MB exhibited the best P adsorption efficiency. |
| • | MBs promoted P adsorption mainly via inner-sphere complexation and electrostatic attraction. |
| • | P species adsorbed by MBs were mainly orthophosphate followed by orthophosphate monoesters and DNA. |
Key Research and Development Project of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(2023C02016)
Key Laboratory in Science and Technology Development Project of Suzhou(2023C02019)
Key Technologies Research and Development Program(2022YFD1700704-3)
Bingtuan Science and Technology Program(2021DB019)
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