Analysis of the Incidence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Infection in Patients with Class I Incisions Based on Literature Research

Abstract

Objective To investigate the risk factors and variations in postoperative infection rates among different Class I surgical incisions, and to identify potential evaluation indicators that can impact the preoperative use of antimicrobial prophylaxis in Class I incisions. Methods Literature review was employed to establish inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in the initial examination of 4 098 articles. Then, 3 149 articles were screened out, and after thorough reading of full texts, 55 articles were studied carefully. Results and Conclusion Findings revealed that the incidence rate of surgical site infection (SSI) in Class I incisions ranged from 0.52% to 2.34%, with main risk factors including operation duration, underlying diseases, preoperative infections, antibiotic usage, length of hospital stay, and intraoperative bleeding. Risks of SSI varied significantly across different types of Class I incision surgeries. The key influencing factors in neurosurgery included emergency procedures, (nationalnosocomial- infection-surveillance) NNIS score, age, and postoperative drainage tubes. In orthopedics, surgery type was closely associated with infection risk. In addition, emergency surgeries, special surgery types, and low serum albumin levels were considered as risk factors for the increase of postoperative infections, but age showed little correlation. Although prophylactic use of antibiotics in thyroid, breast, and inguinal hernia surgeries was not recommended, research suggested that they should be considered based on varying surgical levels. Patient’s preoperative condition had to be thoroughly assessed to prevent postoperative infections. In clinical practice, combining the high-risk factors of postoperative infection in different Class I incisions, we should consider the evaluation indicators of preventive use of antibiotics before different surgeries, and decide the rational use of antibacterial drugs for Class I incisions.

Keywords

clean surgery / infection rate / risk factor / antibacterial drug

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