PDF
Abstract
Piezoionic materials consisting of a polymer matrix and mobile ions can produce an electrical output upon an applied pressure inducing an ion concentration gradient. Distinct from charges generated by the piezoelectric or triboelectric effects, the use of generated mobile ions to carry a signal closely resembles many ionic biological processes. Due to this similarity to biology, the piezoionic effect has great potential to enable seamless integration with biological systems, which accelerates the advancement of medical devices and personalized medicine. In this review, a comprehensive description of the piezoionic mechanism, methods, and applications are presented, with the aim to facilitate a dialogue among relevant scientific communities. First, the piezoionic effect is briefly introduced, then the development of mechanistic understanding over time is surveyed. Next, different types of piezoionic materials are reviewed and methods to enhance the piezoionic output via materials properties, electrode interfaces, and device architectures are detailed. Finally, applications, challenges, and outlooks are provided.With its novel properties, piezoionics is expected to play a key role in the overcoming of grand challenges in the areas of sensing, biointerfaces, and energy harvesting.
Keywords
flexible electronics
/
intelligent soft matter
/
ionic hydrogel
/
iontronics
/
mechanical energy harvesting
Cite this article
Download citation ▾
Kongqi Chen, Derek Ho.
Piezoionics: Mechanical-to-ionic transduction for sensing, biointerface, and energy harvesting.
Aggregate, 2024, 5(1): 425 DOI:10.1002/agt2.425
| [1] |
B. Alberts, D. Bray, K. Hopkin, A. D. Johnson, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts, P. Walter, Essential Cell Biology 4th ed., Garland Science, New York, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315815015.
|
| [2] |
B. Alberts, A. Johnson, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts, P. Walter, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th ed., Garland Science, New York, 2002.
|
| [3] |
D. C. Gadsby, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2009, 10, 344.
|
| [4] |
WA. Catterall, Neuron 2000, 26, 13.
|
| [5] |
J. Zhang, W. Liu, J. Dai, K. Xiao, Adv. Sci. 2022, 9, 2200534.
|
| [6] |
K. Xiao, C. Wan, L. Jiang, X. Chen, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2000218.
|
| [7] |
H. Zhan, Z. Xiong, C. Cheng, Q. Liang, J. Z. Liu, D. Li, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1904562.
|
| [8] |
K. Kern, J. Maier, Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 2569.
|
| [9] |
N. Bai, L. Wang, Q. Wang, J. Deng, Y. Wang, P. Lu, J. Huang, G. Li, Y. Zhang, J. Yang, K. Xie, X. Zhao, C. F. Guo, Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 209.
|
| [10] |
Y. Chang, L. Wang, R. Li, Z. Zhang, Q. Wang, J. Yang, C. F. Guo, T. Pan, Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2003464.
|
| [11] |
B. Nie, S. Xing, J. D. Brandt, T. Pan, Lab Chip 2012, 12, 1110.
|
| [12] |
Z. Zhu, R. Li, T. Pan, Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1705122.
|
| [13] |
M. Xia, N. Pan, C. Zhang, C. Zhang, W. Fan, Y. Xia, Z. Wang, K. Sui, ACS Nano 2022, 16, 4714.
|
| [14] |
Y. Dobashi, D. Yao, Y. Petel, T. N. Nguyen, M. S. Sarwar, Y. Thabet, C. L. W. Ng, E. S. Glitzl, G. T. M. Nguyen, C. Plesse, F. Vidal, C. A. Micha, J. D. Madden, Science 2022, 376, 502.
|
| [15] |
P. G. de Gennes, K. Okumura, M. Shahinpoor, K. J. Kim, Europhysics Lett. 2000, 50, 513.
|
| [16] |
M. S. Sarwar, Y. Dobashi, E. Glitz, M. Farajollahi, S. Mirabbasi, S. Naficy, G. M. Spinks, J. D. W. Madden, Transparent and conformal ‘piezoionic’ touch sensor, SPIE, Bellingham, WA 2015.
|
| [17] |
Y. Wu, G. Alici, J. D. Madden, G. M. Spinks, G. G. Wallace, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2007, 17, 3216.
|
| [18] |
K. Sawahata, J. P. Gong, Y. Osada, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1995, 16, 713.
|
| [19] |
V. Woehling, G. T. M. Nguyen, C. Plesse, Y. Petel, Y. Dobashi, J. D. W. Madden, C. A. Michal, F. Vidal, Multifunct. Mater. 2019, 2, 045002.
|
| [20] |
Q. Tian, W. Yan, Y. Li, D. Ho, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 9710.
|
| [21] |
Q. Tian, W. Yan, T. Chen, D. Ho, J. Mater. Chem. C 2021, 9, 17129.
|
| [22] |
A. S. Fiorillo, C. D. Critello, S. A. Pullano, Sens. Actuator A Phys. 2018, 281, 156.
|
| [23] |
D. Kwon, T. I. Lee, J. Shim, S. Ryu, M. S. Kim, S. Kim, T. S. Kim, I. Park, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, 16922.
|
| [24] |
V. Triandafilidi, S. G. Hatzikiriakos, J. Rottler, Soft Matter 2018, 14, 6222.
|
| [25] |
A. E. Danks, S. R. Hall, Z. J. M. H. Schnepp, Mater. Horiz. 2016, 3, 91.
|
| [26] |
J. Elisseeff, Nat. Mater. 2008, 7, 271.
|
| [27] |
Y. S. Zhang, A. Khademhosseini, Science 2017, 356, eaaf3627.
|
| [28] |
K. Cui, J. P. Gong, Aggregate 2021, 2, e33.
|
| [29] |
H. J. Kim, B. Chen, Z. Suo, R. C. Hayward, Science 2020, 367, 773.
|
| [30] |
A. Guha, T. J. Kalkus, T. B. H. Schroeder, O. G. Willis, C. Rader, A. Ianiro, M. Mayer, Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2101757.
|
| [31] |
Y. Zhang, C. K. Jeong, J. Wang, X. Chen, K. H. Choi, L.-Q. Chen, W. Chen, Q. M. Zhang, Q. Wang, Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2103056.
|
| [32] |
X. Zhao, D. Shen, W. W. Duley, C. Tan, Y. N. Zhou, Adv. Energy Sustain. Res. 2022, 3, 2100196.
|
| [33] |
A. Sohn, Y. Zhang, A. Chakraborty, C. Yu, Nanoscale 2022, 14, 4188.
|
| [34] |
X. Pan, Q. Wang, D. Benetti, Y. Ni, F. Rosei, Nano Energy 2022, 103, 107718.
|
| [35] |
J. Odent, N. Baleine, V. Biard, Y. Dobashi, C. Vancaeyzeele, G. T. Nguyen, J. D. W. Madden, C. Plesse, J. M. Raquez, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2023, 33, 2210485.
|
| [36] |
J. Sun, G. Lu, J. Zhou, Y. Yuan, X. Zhu, J. Nie, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 14272.
|
| [37] |
H. Zhang, N. Tang, X. Yu, M. H. Li, J. Hu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2206305.
|
| [38] |
C. Lu, Y. Yang, X. Chen, Nano Lett. 2019, 19, 4103.
|
| [39] |
C. Lu, X. Chen, Chem. Phys. Lett. 2022, 803, 139872.
|
| [40] |
P. Jungwirth, P. S. Cremer, Nat. Chem. 2014, 6, 261.
|
| [41] |
P. S. Cremer, A. H. Flood, B. C. Gibb, D. L. Mobley, Nat. Chem. 2018, 10, 8.
|
| [42] |
S. Wu, M. Hua, Y. Alsaid, Y. Du, Y. Ma, Y. Zhao, C.-Y. Lo, C. Wang, D. Wu, B. Yao, J. Strzalka, H. Zhou, X. Zhu, X. He, Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2007829.
|
| [43] |
X. Huang, J. Li, J. Luo, Q. Gao, A. Mao, J. Li, Mater. Today Commun. 2021, 29, 102757.
|
| [44] |
A. Virya, J. Abella, A. Grindal, K. Lian, Batteries Supercaps 2020, 3, 194.
|
| [45] |
M. Sadiq, M. M. H. Raza, T. Murtaza, M. Zulfequar, J. Ali, J. Electron. Mater. 2021, 50, 403.
|
| [46] |
C. Lu, Y. Chen, X. Yu, Polym. Bull. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-023-04693-w.
|
| [47] |
M. Li, J. Qiao, C. Zhu, Y. Hu, K. Wu, S. Zeng, W. Yang, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Y. Wu, R. Zang, X. Wang, J. Di, Q. Li, ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 2021, 3, 944.
|
| [48] |
T. B. H Schroeder, A. Guha, A. Lamoureux, G. VanRenterghem, D. Sept, M. Shtein, J. Yang, M. Maye, Nature 2017, 552, 214.
|
| [49] |
J. Zhao, S. Han, Y. Yang, R. Fu, Y. Ming, C. Lu, H. Liu, H. Gu, W. Chen, ACS Nano 2017, 11, 8590.
|
| [50] |
X. Ren, H. Fan, Y. Zhao, Z. Liu, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, 26190.
|
| [51] |
W. Wu, S. Z. Bai, M. Yuan, Y. Qin, Z. L. Wang, T. Jing, ACS Nano 2012, 6, 6231.
|
| [52] |
Q. Jing, S. Kar-Narayan, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2018, 51, 303001
|
| [53] |
K. Kondo, K. Takagi, Z. Zhu, K. Asaka, Smart Mater. Struct. 2020, 29, 115037.
|
| [54] |
M. Gudarzi, P. Smolinski, Q.-M. Wang, Measurement 2017, 103, 250.
|
| [55] |
C. Lu, X. Liao, D. Fang, X. Chen, Nano Lett. 2021, 21, 5369.
|
| [56] |
K. Park, M.-K. Yoon, S. Lee, J. Choi, M. Thubrikar, Smart Mater. Struct. 2010, 19, 075002.
|
| [57] |
C. Lu, X. Chen, X. Zhang, ACS Sens. 2023, 8, 1624.
|
| [58] |
C. Chen, X. Wang, Y. Wang, D. Yang, F. Yao, W. Zhang, B. Wang, G. A. Sewvandi, D. Yang, D. Hu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 2005141.
|
| [59] |
S. M. Villa, V. M. Mazzola, T. Santaniello, E. Locatelli, M. Maturi, L. Migliorini, I. Monaco, C. Lenardi, M. C. Franchini, P. Milani, ACS Macro Lett. 2019, 8, 414.
|
| [60] |
Z. L. Wang, Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10, 2000137.
|
| [61] |
H. J. Yoon, D. M. Lee, Y. J. Kim, S. Jeon, J. H. Jung, S. S. Kwak, J. Kim, S. Kim, Y. Kim, S. W. Kim, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2100649.
|
| [62] |
S. Siddiqui, H. B. Lee, D. I. Kim, L. T. Duy, A. Hanif, N. E. Lee, Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1701520.
|
| [63] |
S. Li, J. Huang, J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 4354.
|
| [64] |
J. Shen, C. C. Liu, Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2007, 120, 417.
|
| [65] |
Y. Yan, T. Wang, X. Li, H. Pang, H. Xue, Inorg. Chem. Front. 2017, 4, 33.
|
| [66] |
K. Wegner, P. Piseri, H. V. Tafreshi, P. Milani, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2006, 39, R439.
|
| [67] |
A. Malti, J. Edberg, H. Granberg, Z. U. Khan, J. W. Andreasen, X. J. Liu, D. Zhao, H. Zhang, Y. L. Yao, J. W. Brill, I. Engquist, M. Fahlman, L. Wagberg, X. Crispin, M. Berggren, Adv. Sci. 2016, 3, 9.
|
| [68] |
A. Adjaoud, G. T. Nguyen, L. Chikh, S. Péralta, L. Trouillet-Fonti, N. Uguen, M. Braida, C. Plesse, Smart Mater. Struct. 2021, 30, 105027.
|
| [69] |
T. Cheng, Y. Z. Zhang, J. D. Zhang, W. Y. Lai, W. Huang, J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 10493.
|
| [70] |
J. Rivnay, P. Leleux, M. Ferro, M. Sessolo, A. Williamson, D. A. Koutsouras, D. Khodagholy, M. Ramuz, X. Strakosas, R. M. Owens, C. Benar, J.-M. Badier, C. Bernard, G. G. Malliaras, Sci. Adv. 2015, 1, e1400251.
|
| [71] |
Z. T. Zhu, J. T. Mabeck, C. Zhu, N. C. Cady, C. A. Batt, G. G. Malliaras, Chem. Commun. 2004, 13, 1556.
|
| [72] |
W. MohdIsa, A. Hunt, S. H. HosseinNia, Sensors 2019, 19, 3967.
|
| [73] |
F. R. Baptista, S. A. Belhout, S. Giordani, S. J. Quinn, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 4433.
|
| [74] |
D. Jariwala, V. K. Sangwan, L. J. Lauhon, T. J. Marks, M. C. Hersam, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 2824.
|
| [75] |
Q. He, D. Vokoun, T. Stalbaum, K. J. Kim, A. I. Fedorchenko, X. Zhou, M. Yu, Z. Dai, Sens. Actuators A 2019, 286, 68.
|
| [76] |
Y. Liu, Y. Hu, J. Zhao, G. Wu, X. Tao, W. Chen, Small 2016, 12, 5074.
|
| [77] |
J. Zhang, N. Kong, S. Uzun, A. Levitt, S. Seyedin, P. A. Lynch, S. Qin, M. Han, W. Yang, J. Liu, X. Wang, Y. Gogotsi, J. M. Razal, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2001093.
|
| [78] |
M. Ghidiu, M. R. Lukatskaya, M.-Q. Zhao, Y. Gogotsi, M. W. Barsoum, Nature 2014, 516, 78.
|
| [79] |
C. Lu, X. Yu, Y. Chen, X. Chen, X. Zhang, Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 463, 142523.
|
| [80] |
Z. Zhou, K. Chen, X. Li, S. Zhang, Y. Wu, Y. Zhou, K. Meng, C. Sun, Q. He, W. Fan, E. Fan, Z. Lin, X. Tan, W. Deng, J. Yang, J. Chen, Nat. Electron. 2020, 3, 571.
|
| [81] |
J. Yang, J. Chen, Y. Su, Q. Jing, Z. Li, F. Yi, X. Wen, Z. Wang, Z. L. Wang, Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 1316.
|
| [82] |
M. Khan, M. Amjad, A. Khan, R. Ud-Din, I. Ahmad, T. Subhani, J. Mater. Res. 2017, 32, 2055.
|
| [83] |
M. S. Rasel, P. Maharjan, M. Salauddin, M. T. Rahman, H. O. Cho, J. W. Kim, J. Y. Park, Nano Energy 2018, 49, 603.
|
| [84] |
N. T. Tien, S. Jeon, D. I. Kim, T. Q. Trung, M. Jang, B. U. Hwang, J. J. Park, Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 796.
|
| [85] |
S. W. Park, P. S. Das, A. Chhetry, J. Y. Park, IEEE Sens. J. 2017, 17, 6558.
|
| [86] |
S. Kim, Y. Dong, M. M. Hossain, S. Gorman, I. Towfeeq, D. Gajula, A. Childress, A. M. Rao, G. Koley, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 16006.
|
| [87] |
S. Z. Homayounfar, T. L. Andrew, SLAS Technol. 2020, 25, 9.
|
| [88] |
V. Amoli, J. S. Kim, S. Y. Kim, J. Koo, Y. S. Chung, H. Choi, D. H. Kim, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 30, 1904532.
|
| [89] |
S. Z. Homayounfar, A. Kiaghadi, D. Ganesan, T. L. Andrew, J. Electrochem. Soc. 2021, 168, 017515.
|
| [90] |
S. C. Liu, T. Delbruck, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2010, 20, 288.
|
| [91] |
M. H. Kole, S. U. Ilschner, B. M. Kampa, S. R. Williams, P. C. Ruben, G. J. Stuart, Nat. Neurosci. 2008, 11, 178.
|
| [92] |
E. M. Maldonado, M. I. Latz, Biol. Bull. 2007, 212, 242.
|
| [93] |
J. I. Lee, H. Choi, S. H. Kong, S. Park, D. Park, J. S. Kim, S. H. Kwon, J. Kim, S. H. Choi, S. G. Lee, D. H. Kim, M. S. Kang, Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2100321.
|
| [94] |
J. Chen, Y. Gao, L. Shi, W. Yu, Z. Sun, Y. Zhou, S. Liu, H. Mao, D. Zhang, T. Lu, Q. Chen, D. Yu, S. Ding, Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 4868.
|
| [95] |
E. K. Boahen, B. Pan, H. Kweon, J. S. Kim, H. Choi, Z. Kong, D. J. Kim, J. Zhu, W. B. Ying, K. J. Lee, D. H. Kim. Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 7699.
|
| [96] |
Z. Qiu, Y. Wan, W. Zhou, J. Yang, J. Yang, J. Huang, J. Zhang, Q. Liu, S. Huang, N. Bai, Z. Wu, W. Hong, H. Wang, C. F. Gu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018, 28, 1802343.
|
| [97] |
V. Amoli, J. S. Kim, E. Jee, Y. S. Chung, S. Y. Kim, J. Koo, H. Choi, Y. Kim, D. H. Kim, Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 4019.
|
RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS
2023 The Authors. Aggregate published by South China University of Technology; AIE Institute and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
