Testicular rupture after a blunt scrotal trauma is characterized by tearing of the tunica albuginea that result in the extrusion of the seminiferous tubules.

Imaging, particularly ultrasonography, plays a crucial role in the assessment of scrotal trauma and directs patient management toward conservative or surgical treatment. Conventional B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography are the main imaging techniques in the evaluation of the testicle in trauma but may underestimate the extent of injury. The most important information for the surgeon is the integrity or interruption of the tunica albuginea and the extent of vital testicular tissue. The latter is often difficult to assess with conventional ultrasonography because the injured testicle is often hypovascular even in vital regions due to testicular edema that compromises vascular flow. The selective use of advanced techniques such as contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is important in identifying testicular viability when color Doppler ultrasonography is equivocal.

This case report describes the evaluation and management of a blunt testicular trauma in a 15-year-old football player.

Fibrous dysplasia is a rare non-neoplastic tumor-like congenital bone disease that is most likely associated with GNAS gene mutations, with a broad spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from isolated monostotic and polyostotic forms to other extra-skeletal associated manifestations as in McCune–Albright syndrome. It is responsible for bone’s weakening and increased fragility, making it prone to fractures.

A 65-year-old female patient was referred to our radiology department for cervical and dorsal pain, with a previous diagnosis of incidental cervical and dorsal bone lesions that are suspected for metastases. X-ray, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were performed with a precise diagnostic suspicion of fibrous dysplasia that is confirmed by bone biopsy.

Fibrous dysplasia principally affects the bone and is characterized by bone replacement itself by dysplastic fibrous tissue. According to the number of affected bones and their association to endocrine alterations, it is classified into three categories monostotic, polyostotic, and Albright’s disease. Differential diagnosis with multiple myeloma among others and the best treatment decision was made.

BACKGROUND: Well-written and transparent case reports (1) reveal early signals of potential benefits, harms, and information on the use of resources; (2) provide information for clinical research and clinical practice guidelines, and (3) inform medical education. High-quality case reports are more likely when authors follow reporting guidelines. During 2011–2012, a group of clinicians, researchers, and journal editors developed recommendations for the accurate reporting of information in case reports that resulted in the CARE (CAse REport) Statement and Checklist. They were presented at the 2013 International Congress on Peer Review and Biomedical Publication, have been endorsed by multiple medical journals, and translated into nine languages.

OBJECTIVES: This explanation and elaboration document has the objective to increase the use and dissemination of the CARE Checklist in writing and publishing case reports.

ARTICLE DESIGN AND SETTING: Each item from the CARE Checklist is explained and accompanied by published examples. The explanations and examples in this document are designed to support the writing of high-quality case reports by authors and their critical appraisal by editors, peer reviewers, and readers.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This article and the 2013 CARE Statement and Checklist, available from the CARE website [www.care-statement.org] and the EQUATOR Network [www.equator-network.org], are resources for improving the completeness and transparency of case reports.

SOURCE: This article is a translation of the original paper “CARE guidelines for case reports: explanation and elaboration document” in the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.04.026), prepared under the permission of the copyright holder (Elsevier Inc.), with supervision from the Scientific Editor by Professor E.G. Starostina, MD, PhD (translator) (Moscow, Russia).

BACKGROUND: The spread of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in Moscow has significantly increased the number of chest computed tomography examinations to establish a diagnosis and assess the treatment efficacy. In Moscow, the new approach to diagnostic imaging associated with COVID-19 caused divergent shifts in the volume and structure of the population radiation burden. This study aimed to bridge the gap in data, as no reliable information about the changes in the structure of diagnostic imaging and the current radiation burden due to COVID-19 in the Moscow population has been reported.

AIMS: To evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the computed tomography radiation doses in Moscow medical facilities between 2017 and 2020.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected and analyzed the following data: forms No. 3-DOZ completed by the public and private Moscow medical facilities in 2017–2020; forms No. 30 completed in 2017–2020; data from the Unified Radiological Information Service for 2020. The study provides details about the annual population radiation exposure and the average individual radiation doses, with a breakdown by anatomic region.

RESULTS: The statistical form evaluation elucidated the boost of computed tomography imaging in Moscow, accounting for 31% higher than anticipated. In 2020, the number of chest imaging studies increased almost two-fold compared to the previous periods. Thereby, causing a corresponding increase in the mean effective dose by over two times.

CONCLUSION: The results show that the epidemiological situation of 2020 had a profound effect on the changes in the computed tomography-related radiation exposure, which helped us get insight into the diagnostic effect of certain types of computed tomography studies applied to various anatomic regions. The analysis contributed to a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical forms.

Pterygoid plate fractures are often associated with Le Fort fractures and accompanied by other facial fractures such as frontal sinus and naso-orbital-ethmoid fractures; isolated pterygoid plate fractures are extremely rare.

Le Fort fractures must be surgically treated with fixation of unstable fracture segments to re-establish bone form and function, and the pterygoid process must be surgically stabilized; however, surgical treatment is unnecessary in isolated pterygoid plate fractures.

Here, we report a rare case of isolated unilateral fracture of the pterygoid process in a 71-year-old female patient who had a syncopal episode with secondary head injury and a hematoma at the base of the right orbit.

A computed tomography scan showed unilateral right pterygoid plate fracture with signs of emphysema in the ipsilateral masticatory space. The patient also had a fracture of the medial wall of the right maxillary sinus with hemosine, but no fractures of the skull base or theca. She was treated conservatively.