A definition as stated by the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in 1975 is: "Medical rehabilitation services can be defined as a coordinated multi - disciplinary approach to disability under a qualified physician who directs a plan of management for one or more of the categories of chronic disabling diseases or injuries, specifying realistic goals for maximal recovery". The Main rehabilitation principles include patient and family centeredness, a multidisciplinary approach and holistic attitude towards physical and mental health. From early in its development and until today, rehabilitation is represented as the third phase of medical care - after diagnosis and treatment. Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) is a growing and a developing discipline. Gutenbrunner et al wrote: "Various societal and medical trends, including the ageing of populations, the increasing number of people with functional limitations due to improving survival rates in different disease entities (e.g. stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple trauma) and the need of elderly workers to remain integrated in the workforce despite the presence of chronic illnesses, call for an increasing importance of rehabilitation in the future".
The clinical case of the patient after operational treatment of a backbone and a rehabilitation course in the conditions of a day hospital is described. For assessment of efficiency of the held events pain scales YOURS, Rivermead Motor Assessment Scale were used. The program of a rehabilitation for by classical techniques of treatment included reflexotherapy methods with pharmakopunktura, trainings on the system of "Ekzart", electrostimulation. The patient received 2 rehabilitation courses: in 3 and 5 months after operational treatment, as a result of the executed treatment, at the patient at control survey from the moment of the beginning of therapy reduction of a pain syndrome, increase in independent daily activity, increase in insistence, normalization of indicators of the mental status is noted. The first rehabilitation course allowed to adapt the patient to house conditions, and returned her a possibility of partial self-service. The second year of rehabilitation set the reached effect and allowed the patient to move independently out of the room that significantly increased her standard of living. On the term of 4 months after an operative measure on a backbone at the patient the pain syndrome and restriction of life activity remained. The held complex of rehabilitation actions after backbone operation significantly improved indicators of quality of life and functional independence of rather initial level that speaks about its efficiency in ensuring earlier social reintegration of the patient.
Blood (blood plasma) is a special all-pervading medium that functionally matches all organs, tissues and cells of the body, to some extent similar to the Ether of the ancients. In addition to performing utilitarian and economic functions, blood is a medium for the transfer of huge amounts of information, which is continuously exchanged between all the compartments and structures of the macroorganism and its microbiome. This information is transmitted in the form of control chemical signals (peptides, micro-RNA, extracellular DNA, microbiome products, antibodies, etc.). molecules), the totality of which controls a variety of biological processes. It is noted that the blood is not only a control, but also a reflective (reflecting) environment: dynamic changes in the composition of this environment carry information about the smallest changes in the state of individual populations of cells, tissues, organs and the body as a whole. The prospects of practical use of information about the state of the organism and its changes, transmitted by blood and quantitatively reflected in individual profiles of immunoreactivity are analyzed.
Symbiotic microorganisms inhabit a wide variety of niches in the human organism. Of paramount importance is the microbiota of the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract, especially of its distal part (the colon). Bidirectional signal exchange proceeds within the microbiota-host system, and diverse microbial metabolites modify the functions of the nervous system via metabolic, genetic, and neuroendocrine pathways. Increasing attention is currently given to the role of the GI microbiota in terms of the host's physical and mental health; therefore, it has been suggested to replace the widely used term gut-brain axis with the new term microbiota-gut-brain axis. The GI microbiota directly interacts with the enteric nervous system (ENS) that represents a partly autonomous subdivision of the nervous system. An important role is also played by the GI tract-innervating vagus nerve. In addition, the influence of the microbiota on the nervous system can be mediated by the immune system. The microbiota impact on the nervous system of the host results in significant alterations in the host's behavior, mood, and even taste. In the literature, there is evidence that neurological and psychological diseases are linked to microecological disorders (dysbioses) in the GI tract. In particular, dysbioses with manifest GI symptoms are often accompanied by serious brain problems.
Autism Spectrum Disorders are a complex heterogenous group of clinical characteristics of which lack of central coherence and an atypical overall style of inter-personal reactions (forms of vitality) belong to the core symptomatology. Due to the number of individuals diagnosed with ASD that world-wide is growing rapidly, many research projects aim at detecting the underlying causes or mechanism or prevention and early intervention programs. ReAttach is an intervention for children and adults with ASD that facilitates arousal regulation, multiple sensory processing, coherence, social cognitive training and active learning. The method can be defined as a broader spectrum therapy, embracing neurodiversity and aiming at optimal health and personal and inter-relational development. The aim of this paper is to describe the ReAttach procedure and treatment outcome for ASD and to explain why ReAttach the involvement of parents and partners is required. The effects in terms of changes in clinical presentation and Forms of Vitality of individuals with ASD suggest that ReAttach is an accessible and cost-effective tool to overcome the developmental arrest in ASD.
Craniocerebral trauma (TBI) in children acquires special significance, causing a high incidence of morbidity, mortality, hospitalization and leading to the emergence of severe neurological and psychiatric disorders requiring long-term treatment and rehabilitation. In this paper, we examine the features of hospitalization of children with CCI and study the quality of life of children with mild to moderate trauma to identify the risk groups of patients who are threatened by the occurrence of various long-term effects of trauma. The results obtained in the course of the study are aimed at improving medical care in order to improve the outcomes of traumatic brain injuries.
Objective: to study the transformation of arbitrary small motor motions into automated (which form the basis of self-service skills) in the process of restorative education of patients who underwent ischemic stroke. Materials and methods: the material of the study is a sample of patients who underwent ischemic stroke, hemispheric localization (53 people). As a method, a complex of neuropsychological tests, hardware methods of diagnostics and restorative training were used. Results: The dynamics of restoration of small motor motions in automated actions that make up self-care skills for patients who underwent ischemic stroke, regardless of the lateralization profile and hemispheric localization of the lesion focus, is characterized by self-sufficient precision performance of automated small-engine actions that constitute self- service skills. It is established that there is no degeneration of the formed skills in time, provided it is used periodically; as well as a positive motivation to use the formed skills of self-service.
The World Health Organization recommends that the International classification Of Functioning (ICF) be used to assess the structure, function, activity and participation of the body. As a rule, the assessment of the state of the body is carried out using scales, but a large number of them does not always allow specialists to understand each other. The creation of a unified system, which will collect various tools for assessing the patient's condition, will provide serious assistance in the work of members of a multidisciplinary team in the process of medical rehabilitation. This will help in the formulation of rehabilitation diagnosis and in more accurate determination of rehabilitation potential. The dimension of a number of generally accepted scales to describe disorders of the musculoskeletal system does not coincide with the categories of ICF. The paper attempts to eliminate this contradiction. When describing a number of disorders that affect the function of the musculoskeletal system and are traditionally used in orthopedics, the category other or not described can be used. In the presented system of evaluation are given equal-weighted scale with the dimension adopted in the ICF. This system can be used as a basis for the preparation of medical rehabilitation programs and evaluation of their effectiveness.
The accessible lab diagnostic and expansion of knowledge about the important role of hormones in health regulation lead to the increase of the quantity of lab hormonal tests. Often patients prescribe diagnostic by themselves. Incorrect blood, salvia and urine sampling results in the incorrect diagnostic and treatment. The following article is focused on the rules of sampling for hormonal diagnostic.
The strategy of heart tissue engineering is simple enough: first remove all the cells from a organ then take the protein scaffold left behind and repopulate it with stem cells immunologically matched to the patient in need. While various successful methods for decellularization have been developed, and the feasibility of using decellularized whole hearts and extracellular matrix to support cells has been demonstrated, the reality of creating whole hearts for transplantation and of clinical application of decellularized extracellular matrix-based scaffolds will require much more research. For example, further investigations into how lineage-restricted progenitors repopulate the decellularized heart and differentiate in a site-specific manner into different populations of the native heart would be essential. The scaffold heart does not have to be human. Pig hearts carries all the essential components of the extracellular matrix. Through trial and error, scaling up the concentration, timing and pressure of the detergents, researchers have refined the decellularization process on hundreds of hearts and other organs, but this is only the first step. Further, the framework must be populated with human cells. Most researchers in the field use a mixture of two or more cell types, such as endothelial precursor cells to line blood vessels and muscle progenitors to seed the walls of the chambers. The final challenge is one of the hardest: vascularization, placing a engineered heart into a living animal, integration with the recipient tissue, and keeping it beating for a long time. Much remains to be done before a bioartificial heart is available for transplantation in humans.
The article describes the model of complex rehabilitation of children treated for cancer, developed by specialists of the Research Clinical Rehabilitation Center "Russkoe Pole" Federal Research Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after D.Rogachev. Two areas of assistance have been proposed: a retrospective based on identifying potential health risks posed by anamnestic events and a prospective one that reflects the identification of relevant factors related to health and social functioning, the impact on these factors and the tracking of future effects. Methods batteries are described that allow studying and influencing different aspects of the health-related quality of life of patients: physical, psychological and social functioning, as well as an algorithm for directed diagnostics of toxic effects.
The article discusses the history of brain neuroplasticity, its effect on the restoration of functions after a stroke. Various mechanisms of neuroplasticity are considered: functions of reorganization, neurogenesis, the effect on neuroplasticity of training, the use of various rehabilitation techniques, and drug therapy.
The results of psycho-correction speech therapy are analyzed in dynamics in 78 patients with varying severity and various forms of speech disorders in the early and late recovery periods of ischemic stroke. The effectiveness of conducting classes during the stay of patients in a neurological hospital and the positive impact of these exercises in the inpatient period (outpatient classes, classes at home with a speech therapist and trained relatives) are shown. Patients who did not conduct speech recovery classes during the inter-stationary period showed a decrease in speech activity, in some even a negative dynamic.
In the Tver region built a three-stage model of medical rehabilitation. Modern methods of motor rehabilitation increase tolerance to physical exertion, reduce spasticity, reduce disability of patients.
Now the problem of rehabilitation of children with vad among 27 patients with hereditary myopathies (18 boys and 9 girls). A comprehensive neuropsychological study, which assessed the status and dynamics of the cognitive functions of patients, was conducted before and after the rehabilitation.
Currently, increasingly important in medical practice is given to methods and medical devices for rehabilitation. The use of new methods of rehabilitation using robotic mechanotherapy, exoskeleton, expansion of non-invasive stimulation techniques in the field of neuroscience requires more in-depth understanding of the possibilities and prospects for the development of such areas as remote sensing of physiological parameters and telemedicine technology. New information technologies and regulatory framework can significantly improve the efficiency of interaction between the doctor and patient. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account all requirements in the field of safety of operation of modern equipment for the rehabilitation and protection of personal data, as well as other requirements of national and international legislation.