The article shows the historical establishment of pediatric surgery in Russia. It tells us about training of pediatric surgeons abroad. It discusses the issues of the most rational methods of pediatric surgeons’ training on the basis of our own experience in specialists’ education and review of literature sources.

The article deals with the experience of laparoscopy in 33 children with defects and diseases of the pancreas. Initial experience accumulated by the authors proves that laporoscopies are still effective and low-trauma surgeries used in the correction of congenital and acquired diseases of the pancreas. The volume and technique of minimally invasive surgeries are determined by the type of pancreatic pathology, patients’ age and developed complications.

The authors analyzed the results of treatment of 122 children with acute adhesive intestinal obstruction. By type of surgical treatment were identified: the first group - 85 patients who were previously operated with laparotomy access; the second group - 37 patients who were previously operated with laparoscopy. It was found that the use of laparotomy in children is traumatic, lead to inflammation and worsening of adhesions in the abdominal cavity, extend rehabilitation period, the flow of endogenous intoxication and increase percentage of complications (35.71%). Application of laparoscopy reduces complication rate in 3 times, reduces the time spent in the hospital in 1.6 times, reduces the number of relapses in 6.5 times.

Children. Peculiarities of surgeries on the large intestine in Payr’s syndrome, replacement of double-barrel transverse colon resection with the transection of the lig. phrenicocolicum and mesocolon threading, restoration of anatomical arrangements in the abdominal cavity.

The innovative technology of treatment of children with damages and diseases of a cartilage of a knee joint - intra articulate course introduction of autologichny plasma (ACP - autologous conditioned plasma) by a technique of Arthrex ACP is presented. It is shown that application of technology of regenerative treatment allows to reduce intensity of articulate pains and to improve quality of life of patients with acute, chronic damages and degenerative diseases of a cartilage. Recommendations about planning of the program of rehabilitation at patients of various clinical groups are submitted.

In the article is the experience of treatment of 51 children with diaphyseal fractures of the forearm bones. As a method of treatment was chosen functionally stable osteosynthesis with titanium elastic nails. The paper presents the evaluation of the indications for this method of treatment, especially surgical intervention techniques, evaluation of longterm results.

The article presents own clinical observation of acute syndrome of the upper mesenteric artery in a patient I., 14. The patient was examined, her complex conservative treatment with a positive effect. In satisfactory condition was discharged from the hospital.

The results of diagnostic and treatment of the 15-year old patient with a giant ovarian teratoma are presented. Considering the lack of signs of a malignant tumor abdominal paracentesis was followed by diagnostic laparoscopy and such an endosurgical operation as salpingo-ovarian cystectomy. This clinical case shows the possibility of using sparing mini-invasive methods in treatment of girls with large and giant uterine adnexal benign neoplasms.

A clinical case of anesthetic management of a child with a complex and rare genetic disease such as type I mucopolysaccharidosis (Hurler syndrome) undergoing spine surgery is described. The surgery was indicated due to the presence of rapidly progressive severe deformity of the thoracolumbar section of the spine with augmentation of neurological symptoms. Risk factors are determined; the protocol and peculiarities of anesthetic management are described.

This study focuses on the successful application of robotic-assisted surgery in the treatment of congenital anomalies and acquired diseases in pediatric population. The purpose of this scientific review consists in highlighting the spectrum, indications, applicability, and effectiveness of robotic endosurgery in children. We demonstrated in this study a success of robotic-assisted surgery at patients with hydronephrosis, gastroesophageal reflux, pulmonary anomalies and other congenital diseases.

The article describes the experience of using wound coverings in treatment of children with afterburn skin scars within the first days after the wound epithelization. This approach doesn’t only enable mechanical protection of the gentle scar surface but also improves neoepithelium condition soon after burn wound healing. This allows to carry out early local antiscar therapy increasing treatment effectiveness of reconvalescent patients with burns and improving their life quality.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a complex malformation which accounts for 8% of all defects. Though the issue has been studied for a long time, there are still difficulties in prenatal diagnostics and high percent of lethality among children with this defect. The existing types of surgical correction of this defect do not allow obtaining high percentage of satisfactory results and reducing the number of recurrences. The problem of phrenic defect closure in the shortage of own tissues is still pressing. The article deals with the properties of modern plastic materials and compares the results of their usage according to the leading authors. The analysis revealed the lack of evident advantages and no implants. The issue must be developed even further.

Myelodysplastic syndrome is an abnormal development of the spinal cord, spine and axonal pattern with hidden and obvious clinical signs, concurrent disturbances of the functions of the locomotor system, pelvic organs, etc. Polymorphy of clinical dysembriologic signs hampers development of the single strategy for diagnostic and therapeutic activities which makes the issue constantly pressing.