Custom-fabricated mouthguards for sports are currently considered to be the most efficacious devices for the prevention of oral and facial injuries. However, remaining in the mouth during rather a long time, they provide a good substrate for the colonization by and growth of a variety of pathogenic microorganisms that may potentially affect the stomatological status of the athlete. The present work was designed to study the influence of custom-made protective mouthpieces on the microbiocenosis of the oral cavity. It was focused on the evaluation of primary adhesion of certain strains of periodontogenic bacteria and yeast-like fungi to the constructional material of the sports mouthguards.

The dynamics of morphological changes and morphometric characteristics of mandibular defects and the surrounding bone and soft tissues in the course of regeneration were investigated in 52 rats after the infliction of a perforated defect in the mandible and its repair by the implantation of polyurethane and titanium plates and screws. It was shown that a connective tissue capsule formed around the implants within 7-14 days after their introduction; it thereafter matured and persisted as long as 90 days. The fibrous capsule surrounding polyurethane screws, unlike that around titanium screws, contained foci of nonspecific granulematous inflammation induced by the foreign bodies (polyurethane particles). However, the inflammation had only insignificant influence on the maturation of the capsule and the formation of bone regenerates around the defect. The mean area of the newly-formed bone tissue adjacent to the polyurethane plates was greater than that around titanium plates. The mean area of bone regenerates around polyurethane screws in the early and intermediate time intervals after their implantation was similar to or larger than that around titanium screws.

The technologies using radiofrequency impacts on the biological tissue are of crucial importance for both cosmetologists and plastic surgeons. The present paper is focused on the physical aspects of RF treatment and the results of experimental studies of the minimally invasive RF-lifting with the use of a KiK MediMaster-250 radiofrequency electrosurgical apparatus equipped with needle electrodes. It was shown that the RF current can be applied to heat the tissues in the controllable mode and thereby stimulate reparative processes in them. The proper choice of the current characteristics makes it possible to simulate the consequences of proliferation, reparation, and thermal destruction. The results of this experimental study confirmed the safety and efficacy of the proposed method that can be recommended for remodeling involutional changes in the soft tissues of the face and the neck.

Increasingly more non-metallic standard intra-root posts have recently been introduced into the stomatological market. The non-metallic posts functioning as dampers disseminate most part of the load applied onto the finished restoration and thereby reduce the strain in the dentin walls. The objective of the present in vitro study was to estimate the durability of post and core restorations of a single-root tooth with the use of fiberglass posts obtained from different manufacturers. It was shown that in the majority of the cases an experimental pressure applied to the post and core restorations at an angle of 30-40 degrees resulted in the vertical or slanting fracture of the root. It turned out that the force responsible for the root destruction was significantly different when fiberglass posts from different manufacturers were used despite their equal diameter and the depth of immersion into the root.

The objective of the present study was to estimate the incidence of caries among 349 pregnant women of advanced maternal age throughout the gestation period. The women were allocated to 7 groups depending on the peculiarities of their gynecological and obstetrical histories, such as the number of previous pregnancies and parturitions, and the duration of inter-genetic intervals between the deliveries. It was shown that caries intensity during pregnancy increased from 0.55 +- 0. 09 (group 6) to 0.74 +- 0.12 (group 3) (p > 0.05). In the control group comprised of the women having no pregnancy in their medical histories (group 1) , the occurrence of caries during the 9 month follow-up period was significantly lower (0.17 +- 0.06; p < 0.001).

The results of the estimation of the efficacy of the combined treatment of periodontal pathology using alphadol-Ca and calcium-D3 Nycomed preparations are reported. The study included the patients presenting with bronchial asthma treated with systemic and inhalation glucocorticoids

The results of the examination and treatment of 21 patients presenting with gnathic follicular cysts allowed specifying the algorithm for differential diagnostics of this pathology. A clinical case of the cyst in the maxilla with 20 impacted and supernumerary teeth is reported.

The knowledge of the mechanical, morphological, and functional properties of hard dental tissues makes it possible to estimate the ability of the dentofacial system to withstand loading without deformation. The microradiographic technique was used to study the density of enamel and dentin with a resolution of 0.05 mm; the data are presented in the form of histograms. The qualitative analysis of the results of the study revealed marked differences in the cross-sectional density of the enamel and dentin attributable to their different morpho-functional properties, such as the longitudinal orientation of the protein and mineral structure of these tissues ensuring the resistance to the loading associated with mastication.

The results of this study demonstrate that the orthopedic treatment of the patients presenting with burning tongue syndrome aimed at the normalization of the occlusional relationship between the upper and lower arches and localization of intra-articular elements in the temporomandibular joint and conducted under control of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) resulted in the marked improvement of their clinical conditions and even in the complete recovery of certain patients.

The treatment of periodontal diseases remains a challenging problem. Laboratory and clinical investigations have demonstrated the high efficacy of the local laser treatment (a diode laser plus photodynamic therapy with the use of the Latus and Doctor Smile apparatuses) in the patients presenting with chronic forms of periodontitis.

The retrospective analysis of the results of examination and treatment of 32 patients presenting with cystic masses that pushed down the floor of the maxillary sinus was carried out to estimate the informative value of X-ray visualization techniques and their diagnostic potential. The method for the development of the algorithm of differential diagnostics of cystic masses in the projection of the maxillary sinus is described that may find application in clinical practice.

The search for novel photosensitizing agents needed to extend the range of applications of photodynamic therapy remains a challenging problem in modern dentistry. They are utterly necessary to prevent and treat complications during pre- and postoperative periods, after tooth extraction, in dental implantation and a variety of other surgical interventions, and in the case of inflammatory periodontal diseases. The present work was designed to study kinetics of the accumulation and distribution in the gingival tissues of the new medical product, RadaDent plus photosensitizer, designed for photodynamic therapy of inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity.

The currently available data on the structure of periodontal diseases are presented in conjunction with the information about their clinical features, and appealability of the population for dental medical aid.

The activities of a specialist heading a department in a stomatological polyclinic are dictated by the functions he (she) performs at the work place. The official duties of these specialists include a totality of routine actions objectively necessary for the solution of the problems facing the medical facility, such as planning, organization, coordination, control, prognostication, and motivation of its activities. A number of internal and external conditions influencing the work of a stomatological polyclinic place specific and ever growing requirements to the professional level of the heads of departments and their qualification; moreover they imply the necessity of development of the measures aimed at improving its activities.

The scope of professional competence of the heads of departments in stomatological polyclinics is envisaged by the order of the Russian Ministry of Health and Social Development “On the approval of the Unified skills guide for positions of managers, specialists and non-manual workers “ No 541n dated 23 July 2010 (Section “Qualification characteristics of the positions of specialists in the sphere of public health". The final assessment ofknowledge and professional skills of the heads of departments in stomatological polyclinics yielded the figure of 45.16% which suggests their poor awareness of the fundamentals of planning, economic, and financial activities of stomatological polyclinics including implementation of business contracts and employment agreements.