Despite the wide possibilities of applying various methods of local and systemic treatment and their continuous improvement, the results of treatment of patients with hepatocellular cancer in general remain unsatisfactory. Based on the latest achievements of science and technology, modern radiation therapy can be used as an effective method of local exposure to liver tumors because of its relative effectiveness and acceptable tolerability. Radiation treatment in the mode of stereotactic body radiation therapy is a promising direction in the complex treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. It makes it possible to apply ablative doses with a significant reduction of the doses on healthy organs and tissues in a short period of time and the combination of this technique with other approaches of antitumor treatment.

In a randomized clinical study, the effect of accompanying therapy with drugs from medicinal plants (phytotherapy) on the dynamics of blood immunological parameters in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer during special treatment was studied. In both groups: the main, receiving phytotherapy, and the comparison group, a decrease in the total number of leukocytes, lymphocytes in peripheral blood, a decrease in the number of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ during treatment was found. All patients had multidirectional dynamics of levels of immunoglobulins of classes A, G and M in blood. In the main group, immunological status indicators were higher than in the comparison group, and these differences were statistically significant.

Radical prostatvesiculectomy is the main method of treating patients with localized prostate cancer. Restoration of fascial small pelvis formations after surgical intervention leads to the early continency. In vivo morphological analysis of the pelvic fascial structures in 10 men of different ages and body types has been conducted: endopelvic fascia, Denonville fascia, visceral fascia of the bladder. It was established that the basis of the organization of all studied fascias is a dense fibrous structure, connective tissue, between parallel wavy bundles identified by layers of loose unformed connective tissue, the storage of fibroblasts, fibrocytes, small and large vessels. Around the fascias there were clusters of adipose tissue and loose unformed connective tissue, including bundles of collagen and elastic fibers of various thickness, connected with them. Analysis of morphological characteristics revealed tissue homogeneity of the studied tissues. As a result, the maximum possible removal of adipose tissue and the approximation of the dense fibrous connective tissue crosslinkable executed after prostatectomy formed stable and continuous rumen, ensures sturdy fusion crosslinkable fascial anatomical structures to form a rear suspension urethrovesical anastomosis conserved fascial structures pelvic patients after retropubic prostatectomy.

Immunofluorescence is a unique immunochemical method that combines the ability to conduct a detailed morphological analysis and use the specificity of the immunological reaction. The advantage of the immunofluorescence method is its high sensitivity and resolution. The immunofluorescence method was used to survey cell films of venous blood filtrate of cancer patients, and with usage of an apparatus for blood micro-screening, the successful extraction of circulating cancer cells was confirmed.

In this article we demonstrate a clinical case of young patient with non-small lung cancer with ALK-translocation treated with crizotinib in the first line of therapy. This approach was associated with complete response and acceptable toxicity.

To determine the strategy of treatment of EGC in the world today indications for endoscopic resection, proposed by JGCA, is being used. These indications are presented by a number of morphological factors of the EGC, which are correlate with a low level of lymphogenic metastasis. Not all of the medical centers think these indications are safe. There are publications that question the value of these morphological factors, as well as the heterogeneity of the assessment. Also, in addition to the generally recognized indications for ER JGCA, the researchers proposed other algorithms for the selection of EGS patients with low risk of metastasis to perform ER. These methods were developed using regional standards for different ethnic groups and based on different prognostic parameters. In our review, publications in well-known medical journals in English found through computer search were investigated to study the ways of measuring morphological factors and the safety of jgca readings to ER. The search included such terms as “early gastric cancer”, “prognostic factors”,” lymphogenic metastasis”,” endoscopic resection of the PANCREAS “and “absolute and extended indications for endoscopic resection”. The review includs 60 original studies and meta-analyses. In the original studies, the correlation of demographic and morphological characteristics of the tumor and metastatic process were studied, the variants and methods of evaluation of morphological factors were investigated. The meta-analyses researched the correlation between ER and BREAST surgery, compared the level of safety of absolute and relative criteria of endoscopic resection.

The paper is dedicated to several problems of study of infection caused with hepatitis C virus directly connected with modern theoretical and clinical oncology and professionally interesting from point of view of oncologists, hematologists and specialists in field of medical radiology. The author summarizes data which demonstrated the real existence of at the least main five oncological aspects of the infection. They present material reflected important significance some of these aspects for physician working in oncological units and researchers working in other fields of medicine. First oncological aspect of the infection is based on direct connection of these infection chronic forms with development of hepatocellular cancer of liver. It is interesting that hepatitis C virus today is not considered as a carcinogenic virus and its participation in hepatocarcinogenesis connected with some special mechanisms. Second oncological aspect of the infection is demonstrated with widely spreading this infection among oncological and especially among oncohematological patients staying in profile departments. Existence of this aspect has mainly epidemiologic significance and connected with prevention this infection in oncological units. Third oncological aspect of the infection is that spreading of HCV-infection at oncological patients has important clinical significance. This connected with ability of infection negatively influence to course and prognosis some type of cancer. Besides the infection can play a role of factor limiting possibilities of treatment of cancer patients. Fourth oncological aspect of this infection is that participation of this infection chronic form in some type of non-Hodgkin lymphomas development. Mechanisms of connection this infection with named lymphomas development is not identified. Finally, fifth oncological aspect of the infection consists the modern data demonstrated the statistic connection between the infection and in development of some widely spread non-hepatic malignant tumor. These data have important significance for modern oncology. The authors suggest that further systematic investigation of above mentioned aspects of above mentioned infection may positive influence to development of medical science in general.

For the last few years Next Generation Sequencing technique and its applications has took the leading position in the arsenal of analytical methods that are used for studying the mechanisms of neoplastic progression. Among various experimental opportunities Next Generation Sequencing provides, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) is of great importance as it makes possible unraveling the highest levels of genome expression regulation, which define the molecular phenotype of cells in composition of a tumor. Considerable amount of current studies carried out with the use of RNA-Seq method are designed as pan-cancer integrated research, in which special attention is payed to virus-associated tumors, including papillomavirus-dependent cervical cancer. This review paper summarizes the results of RNA-Seq studies published world-wide within 2017-2019 years and carried out using clinical samples from cervical cancer patients. New facts concerning such hot topics as genomic and transcriptomic instability, neoantigen load, cellular and molecular heterogeneity, tumor epigenetics, antitumor and antiviral immune response, chronic inflammation, immune exhaustion, phenotypic plasticity and tumor cell resistance, are considered. The whole spectrum of issues that are actively discussed in published literature is systematized according to three levels of organization: «molecular», «cellular» and «organismal». The findings reviewed in the paper convincingly illustrate that wide usage of RNA-Seq technology for profiling primary tumors does facilitate moving to a new level of our understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and emergence of new directions in cancer treatment, namely targeted and immune-therapy.