The article presents results of clinicopathologic research of material obtained from 160 patients with prostate cancer. Cytological research of transrectal puncture biopsy (TPB) detected 159 (96,4%) patients with adenocarcinoma of various differentiation grade and 1 (0,6%) patient with transitional cell carcinoma. Cytological method’s information value in prostate cancer’s (PC) diagnosis in TPB materials such as receptivity, specificity and accuracy showed 90,0%. Clinical trial of tumor ploidy and proliferative activity from archive histological material of 35 (21,9%) patients with PC has been conducted. Aneuploid tumors were prevalent for 26 (74,3%) patients with PC, diploid tumors were detected in materials of 9 (25,7%) patients.

The Study has investigated the prognostic significance of argyrophilic protein quantification in nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) of renal tumor cell during renal-cell carcinoma. Surgical specimens of 82 patients with renal cell carcinoma were material for the investigation. The mean age was 57,4 ± 1,1 years. There were 37 males (45.1%) and 45 women (54.9%). Correlation relationship was revealed between AgNORs tumor cells and clinical stage (r = 0,71; p = 0,0001), the size of the tumor node (r = 0,60; p = 0,0001), the presence of regional and distant metastases (r = 0, 68; p = 0,0001), tumor grading Fuhrman (r = 0,66; p = 0,0001) and postoperative survival in patients (r = - 0,61; p = 0,0001). There was no relationship of AgNORs with sex (r = 0,006; p = 0,56), age (r = 0,09; p = 0,45) and patients with histological types of tumors (r = 0,19; p = 0,09 ). Counting of AgNORs in tumor cells can be considered as a criterion of posible metastases. High levels of AgNORs in tumor cells - an unfavorable factor in predicting survival.

The study was conducted using multi-disciplinary area of modern medicine - the study of the vascular endothelium. The purpose of the study is to determine the significance of morphological and functional abnormalities of the vascular endothelium during postoperative course in patients with malignancies pancreaticoduodenal zone. The study included 76 patients with malignant neoplasms of pancreaticoduodenal zones at the II-IV clinical stage. The findings revealed two main points. The rate of endothelial dysfunction in cancer patients with postoperative complications is higher than among the patients without complications. The most significant abnormalities are revealed in indicators associated with hemostasis. Correction of endothelial disorders can be the potential way to reduce the risk of postoperative complications.

The argirophilic proteins associated with nucleolar organizers areas (Ag-NOR) in adenocarcinomas of a lung were investigated. Coloring with nitrate silver was carried out according to the standardized protocol. Ag-NOR index area and variation coefficient were defined by the computer analysis of images. Statistically significant differences of Ag-NOR Square index for groups of indicators of T (only for T1), N, primary node 3 cm in size and more, disease stages (only for the I stage) and a tumor differentiation (only for high-differentiated) are received. The variation coefficient of Ag-NOR was statistically significant at differentiation of tumors up to 3 cm and more in high-differentiated moderated and low-differentiated adenocarcinomas. Coefficient determination of Ag-NOR protein variation is less significant in comparison with Ag-NOR Square by comparison of these data to morphological parameters of lung adenocarcinomas.

We have investigated the prognostic significance of DNA computer morphometry in the nuclei of tumor cells in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Surgical specimens of 108 patients with renal cell carcinoma was the material for investigation. The mean age was 57,8 ± 0,9 years. Males were 49 (45.3%), women - 59 (54.6%). Correlation relationship was revealed between index of DNA accumulation (INDNK) in the nuclei of tumor cells with clinical stage (r = 0,64; p = 0,0001), the size of the tumor node (r = 0,44; p = 0,0001), the presence of regional and distant metastases (r = 0,68; p = 0,0001), Fuhrman tumor grading (r = 0,75; p = 0,001). No relationship of INDNK with sex (r = 0,10; p = 0,30), age (r = 0,08; p = 0,41) and patients with histological types of tumors (r = 0,09; p = 0, 32) was revealed. During Cox multivariate regression analysis, the following independent predictors of RCC were revealed: the presence of regional and distant metastases (p = 0,0008), the degree of Fuhrman nucleus atypia (p = 0,005); stage by TNM (p = 0,03) and ploidy (p = 0.03). Such clinical - anatomical factors such as gender, age, tumor size and histological types of tumor didn;t have prognostic significance in assessing the 5 - year survival rate of patients. Thus, the ploidy of tumor cells is a significant prognostic parameter along with the classical prognostic factors in RCC.

The study included 117 patients with cervical cancer stage IIB and III undergoing combined radiotherapy and also specific immunotherapy and adoptive immunotherapy. The dynamics of a number of cytokines content has been defined (interleukin-2, -6, -10, -12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha). There was a significant excess of anti-inflammatory factors over stimulators of proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes against the reduction of almost all the interleukins. The degree of impairment was dependent on the stage of the tumor. Application of the treatment method, which includes a specific and adoptive immunotherapy, promoted activation of interleukin production and elimination of immunoregulatory imbalance.

The purpose of research is a comparative characterization of inhalation and inhalation-epidural anesthesia influence on the state of the cellular mechanisms of antitumor immunity in patients with malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. The study included 181 patients with gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, who received radical surgery aged 40-70 years. Indices of immune system cellular component in relation to anesthesia - inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane or a combination of inhalation and epidural anesthesia - at 3 and 7 days after surgery were evaluated. The study revealed the Reduction of negative effects of surgery and anesthesia on cell component of the immune system during the application of the combined method of inhalation anesthesia.

In order to achieve the best aesthetic, functional and long-term results, the choice of treatment for patients with skin squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region should take into account the individual characteristics and the characteristics of the tumor, extent, location, growth forms. Based on these experimental studies the authors have developed a new way to treat patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, including a combined cryo-radiation effect on the tumor. Clinical approaches were developed and the indications were identified for choosing the optimal method of treatment for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck skin with the use of various types of treatment: cryosurgical, surgical, combined, cryoradical. The treatment results of 76 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck skin have been analyzed, using the developed approaches to the choice of treatment. Good long-term, aesthetic and functional results were noted in patients with early stages of the disease, and in locally advanced forms of tumors.

Modern approach to individualization of the patients’ treatment, based on careful supervision over the minimum manifestations of an illness and competent combination of chemotherapy, target agents, radiotherapy allow to supervise a disease for a long time.

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a rare disorder characterized by personality changes, irritability, depression, seizures, memory loss and sometimes dementia. The diagnosis is difficult. Clinical symptoms are often lacking, and symptoms usually mimic other brain pathology. Early recognition of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis and prompt intervention with immune therapies will probably translate into more favorable neurological outcomes.