On July 3, 1997, it was the 100th anniversary of the birth of Prof. P.V. Manenkov, a renowned scientist. The famous scientist, Prof. P. Manenkov, is an outstanding specialist in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, who has left a significant mark in the history of development of this branch of medicine in our country.
The vegetative nervous system state in 60 pregnants with late hestosis (with terms of 36— 40 weeks is studied. The vegetative response types using mathematical analysis of cardiac rhythm variability in rest and in test with active orthostasis and phychologic peculiarities of a person are determined. The peculiar type of vegetative response especially in vegetative provision of activity as well as revealed psychovegetative syndrome can be connected with suprasegmental part disfunction of vegetative nervous system, in particular, its ergothropic part and with intrasystemic disintegration of the brain.
The peculiarities of neurotic symptomatology in sterile patients are studied. In the development of neurotic disorders sterility is the basic etiologic factor. Revealing the described four stages of the formation of neurotic disorders allows to perform corresponding psychocorrectional and psychotherapeutic measures early in the seeking of patients as to sterility.
The influence of mycoplasma and mixed infection on fetoplacental system using ultrasonic scanning and dopplerometric method as reliable noninvasive and safe methods during pregnansy is studied. Mycoplasma infection and its combinations are always accompanied by chronic fetoplacental insufficiency (compensated or decompensated) causi, small-for-date intrauterine fetus, placental detachment and hestosis in a mother. Ultrasonic symptoms Z-V placenta infection are sufficiently reliable and confirmed by morphologic studies.
Проведено комбинированное обследование 255 беременных женщин, проживающих в различных экологических зонах Самарской области, с акцентом на оценку внутриутробного состояния плода. Значительные изменения выявлены в неблагоприятных экологических зонах: высокая частота симметричных форм синдрома маловесного плода, нарушения в системе антиоксидантной защиты, выражающиеся в угнетении ферментативной активности (каталазы и глутатионредуктазы), снижение содержания ионизированного железа и мочевой кислоты как показателя активности перекисного окисления липоидов и водородного дефицита, а также снижение пластических резервов организма.
The possibilities of antenatal diagnosis of ABO-conflict, extremely difficult during pregnancy are studied. The proposed tactics of observation of pregnants allows to interpret properly the results of different investigation methods and to perform the appropriate treatment.
The excretion of melatonin in central mechanism disorders of reproductive function regulation is studied. It is stated that thyroid gland calcification is a physiological process and calcification process inhibition is a manifestation of hormonal homeostasis disorder in patients with neuroendocrinic pathology. The treatment of patients with sterility in the galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome and scleropolycystosis of ovaries of central genesis is to be performed differentially taking into account pineal gland state.
The laser welding suture of peritoneum in pregnants and in women in labor with high risk of pyo-septic complications is used in cesarean section operation. In the basic group the postoperative complications are three times as little than in the comparison group. The promise of the use of the biological laser @welding@ in obstetrics and gynecology to improve technology and results of surgical treatment especially in delivery of women with high risk of pyo-septic complications is noted.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become one of the leading methods of noninvasive diagnostics in the last 10 years. Interest in this type of examination is due to its great potential possibilities: absence of radiation exposure, high natural tissue contrast, obtaining sections of any orientation, possibility of multiple examination and dynamic control, determining not only the anatomical structure of soft tissues, but also their chemical composition.
The practical experience of the use of endoscopic surgery in 248 patients with extrauterine pregnancy is given. It is concluded that a wide introduction of this method just as diagnostically so operatively is necessary in gynecologic practice.
The importance of such current diagnosis methods as ultrasound examinations, computer tomography NMR-tomography for revealing the volumetric tumors of uterine appendages is noted. The most informative diagnosis method is laparoscopy used at present and as an operative treatment variant. The peculiarities of laparoscopic operations call for exacting indications.
The ultrasound sanation method of peritoneum in 103 operations of cesarean section is used to decrease the number of postoperative complications. As a result of it the number of postoperative complications decreased by a factor of six, the necessity of preventive antibacterial therapy was excluded. The best results are obtained after ultrasound sanation in solutions of dimephospone and antibiotics that perhaps is associated with phonophoresis of medicinal agents in tissue immediately in infection. The use of ultrasound sanation is indicated in operative delivery of pregnants with increased risk of the development of pyo-, inflammatory postoperative complications.
The state of regulatory mechanisms of cerebral blood circulation in patients with tumors of the chiasm — sellar region before surgical intervention is studied. The disorders of circular supply of homeostasis of the brain in carotid and vertebrobasilar basins are revealed. The necessity of control of the state of cerebral blood circulation system and pharmacological correction of its disorders before operation in these patients is noted.
The experience of the use of temporary obturation of bronchi in the treatment of 42 patients with inspecific empyema complicated by bronchopleural fistulas is analyzed. The best results are found in the treatment of empyema complicating the lung abscess and destructive pneumonia with the disease length not more than 2 months. The worst results are obtained in the treatment of empyema complicating the lung gangrene. The classification of complications of temporary obturation of bronchi is given and the possibility of the use of this method before and after operation is considered. The use of temporary obturation of bronchi in the treatment of empyema complicated by bronchopleural fistulas is justified, gives good results, and allows to abandon mutilating operations.
One of the main objectives of obstetrics - reduction of perinatal morbidity and mortality - is still far from being solved. Mortality and disability of children in some regions of the country are several times higher than in many developed countries of the world. In recent years there has been evidence of a high incidence of birth injuries to the nervous system of the fetus.
Dysgerminoma is a malignant tumor that arises from elements of undifferentiated gonads preserved in the ovarian portal from the embryonic period of development. Its frequency varies from 0.5 to 7% of all malignant ovarian tumors. Young women are more often affected, and large tumors occur in patients aged 13 to 18 years who have signs of infantilism.
Among the numerous variants of uterine abnormalities, expressed in its doubling, the formation of a rudimentary atretic horn is of particular interest. In rare cases, the fetal egg developing in it creates a lethal danger due to the obligatory rupture. The gestational age at which the rupture occurs can vary and depends on the thickness of the myometrium. With low thickness, rupture occurs early and mimics an aborted tubal pregnancy. With great thickness and well developed musculature of the horn there is a termination of pregnancy with a clinical uterine rupture. It is known that the correct diagnosis in such a situation is rarely made - from 6 to 25%.
Family planning, the main goal of which is the birth of desired and healthy children in the family, is one of the priority areas of maternal and child health services. The urgency of this problem is determined by a number of reasons: the high frequency of abortions as the main method of birth control, the low level of use of modern methods of contraception as an alternative to abortion, the lack of reproductive culture of the population, poor awareness in this area and the absence of a sex education system, a significant increase in cases of sexually transmitted diseases.
The main feature of the system of medical care for the rural population created in our country is its phased nature, starting from feldsher-midwife stations to regional, territorial and republican institutions. Due to the peculiarities of rural population settlement, large distances to medical institutions, poor roads, lack of regular transport communication, low technical availability of communication facilities, as well as a number of social, economic and geographical factors, there are problems in the organization of medical care for this contingent.
This congress was devoted to the problems of clinical radiological diagnostics, modern computed tomographic and ultrasonic diagnostics, radionuclide research, interventional radiology with recognition of diseases of the spinal cord and brain, cardiovascular system, thorax, abdomen, kidneys and skeletal musculature. The physical aspect of medical (electron, proton) imaging was also touched upon.
During the last 5-7 years, the epidemiological situation regarding tuberculosis in Russia and in a number of other countries around the world has been deteriorating. National and regional programs are being created to prevent and treat tuberculosis. An important component of such programs is improvement of education and, in particular, doctors' knowledge in the field of phthisiology. The manual created by A.A. Wiesel directly corresponds to this goal.
The Chair of skin and venereal diseases was organized in 1872. Its first head was professor A.G. Ge, who graduated from the Medical faculty of Kazan University in 1865 and as early as 1868 defended his thesis for a Doctor of Medicine degree. From 1870 to 1872 A. G. Ge studied skin and venereal diseases abroad, in the clinics of the largest dermatologists Gebra, Zeisle, Sigmund and Brucke (in Vienna and Würzburg). Thanks to his persistence and efforts on March 1, 1900 a new clinic was opened, built on donations of State Councilor I.I. Alafuzov, the owner of several factories in Kazan. A.G. Ge owns 20 works. The result of my many years of clinical teaching, personal observations and researches was the textbook "The course of venereal diseases", which was reprinted 8 times during the author's life. A considerable part of my works is devoted to the issues of organization of struggle against syphilis and prostitution. Prof. A.G. Ge headed the department for 35 years.