Until now, it is not clear how often perforation or profuse bleeding occurs in malignant gastric ulcers.

Atonic bleeding is a formidable complication of childbirth. Maternal mortality from this complication still occupies one of the first places.

The husband is the culprit in sterile marriage, according to literature data, in 35-50%; according to our data - 39.7%.

Recent years have been marked by the widespread use of adrenocorticotropic hormone in a number of diseases.

Treatment of children suffering from rickets and dystrophy with vitamin D alone does not give the desired effect. It is necessary to introduce other vitamins (E. M. Lepsky, I. V. Tsimbler, E. S. Birger, H. L. Emdina, K. A. Svyatkina). There are indications (IV Tsimbler, AM Petrunkina) that in the pathogenesis of dystrophy, combined with rickets, an important role is played by a violation of thiamine metabolism (endogenous hypovitaminosis).

As a result of planned, purposeful work in our country, huge successes have been achieved in reducing morbidity, mortality and mortality from infectious diseases.

We had to observe two severe cases of anaphylactic reaction to penicillin when its particles penetrate through the respiratory tract. One of the cases was fatal. In another, as a result of long-term desensitizing therapy, it was possible to practically significantly weaken the body's sensitivity to this antibiotic.

The problem of resistance of pathogenic microbes, including pyogenic staphylococci, to antibiotics is one of the most pressing problems of medicine. A large number of studies have been devoted to this issue in recent years (5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23), from which it is clearly seen that the wide and not always correct use of the indicated drugs in the treatment of patients led to the massive appearance of resistant forms of microbes and a decrease in the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. G. Ya. Kivman (10) in a review of foreign literature on this issue indicates that in the first years of the use of penicillin (1924-1944) mortality from staphylococcal septicemia decreased from 80 to 23%. Recently, it has again increased to 50, and according to Reiman's data, to 53%.

Recently, cases of candidal complications of antibiotic therapy have been described by many authors.

In recent years, new domestic drugs for the treatment of angina pectoris have attracted particular interest of clinicians.

Aplastic anemia was first described by Ehrlich in 1888.
The main syndrome of aplastic anemia (myelophthisic anemia) is the depletion of all three bone marrow growths - granulocytic, platelet and erythroid. The myelogram in this disease is characterized by extreme poverty of uniform elements. Active bone marrow undergoes continuous fatty degeneration. In the peripheral blood, leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia (pancytopenia) develop.

L. Krever and M. Copland (1935) with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in 7% of cases revealed X-ray changes in the bones and in one case out of 83 found bone lesions in myeloid leukemia. According to G. Jeff (1952), in adults with leukemia, changes are observed in 8-10% of cases, according to 3. Novikova (1953) - in 45.1% of cases.

The problem of X-ray diagnostics of effusion pleurisy is, first of all, questions of the research methodology, which cannot be considered completely resolved. This is confirmed by by no means rare cases when, with a negative result of an X-ray examination, clinicians establish the presence of fluid and confirm this by a pleural puncture. Of course, this applies to small effusions, nevertheless reaching 300-400 ml (GR Rubinstein, AE Prozorov, Zuppinger, Hirsch, Vakhtler).

Hemorrhagic fever is an acute infectious disease with natural focus. It is found in the vast territory of the central and southern zone of the Soviet Union from Transcarpathia to the Far East and to the south - to the borders with Afghanistan.

The attention of clinicians-neurologists is increasingly attracted by the cranio-cervical region, which was previously undeservedly "in the shadow of the saddle and pyramids." A careful X-ray examination, in comparison with clinical data, reveals characteristic changes that sometimes explain unclear cerebral and cerebellar syndromes, high spinal phenomena that simulate clinically multiple sclerosis, syringomyelia, etc.

Labor management for "humpbacked" women is of a kind of practical interest. These women often have a funnel-shaped (kyphotic) pelvis. However, even V.S.Gruzdev, and later G.G. Genter pointed out that not every kyphosis leads to architectural changes in the pelvis. Kyphosis in the cervical and thoracic spine does not affect the pelvis, since it is balanced by lumbar lordosis, and only lumbar kyphosis leads to a funnel-shaped pelvis. This circumstance should be taken into account by the obstetrician in his activity, since in the first case, independent childbirth is more often possible, and in the second, they often resort to surgical interventions.

Pregnancy in both fallopian tubes simultaneously is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy. According to the materials of our Institute, for 10 years (1949-1958) for 1140 operations for ectopic pregnancy there were 3 cases of bilateral tubal pregnancy (0.38%).

When transfusing blood in obstetric practice, one should take into account not only group, but also Rh-compatibility of the recipient's and donor's blood.

In 1957, a blood transfusion was used for the first time in the district hospital, which is prepared according to the "two-stage" method.

Large hydronephrosis described in the literature can sometimes simulate a picture of an "acute abdomen". GI Lukashin (1937) gives two such observations. The correct diagnosis was made only during the operation. VS Gagarinov (1959) described a patient who underwent surgery three times. At the first operation for the alleged obstruction of the intestine, no pathological changes in the abdominal cavity were found. After 9 days, due to the deterioration of the patient's condition, the patient was re-operated with translumbal, a rupture of the hydronephrotic kidney was established. For the third time - 25 days after the second operation - nephrectomy was performed.

This report presents the results of studying the nutrition of children of preschool boarding schools in Kazan. The study of nutrition was carried out in 10 kindergartens: in 4 kindergartens, in 4 nurseries and in 2 children's homes.

The proportion of patients with epidermophytosis among those suffering from various skin diseases, with temporary disability, is about 20 %. This does not take into account workers with persistent eczema and occupational dermatitis, in the development of which a pathogenetic role, possibly, belongs to epidermophytosis.

Our research at the Kazan felt-felt mill and the Kukmorsk felt-and-shoe factory found that in the preparatory shops, when processing heavily contaminated, not previously washed wool, high concentrations of dust are created.

The problem of longevity has been worrying the minds of scientists for centuries. Every year the number of centenarians becomes more and more, the number of elderly people is steadily increasing, especially in the Soviet Union. The unprecedented rise in the material well-being and cultural level of the people achieved during the years of Soviet power ensured an increase in the average life expectancy of a person by more than 2 times, compared with the pre-revolutionary period.

Исполнилось 60 лет со дня выхода в свет первого номера «Казанского медицинского журнала». С 1901 по 1961 гг. в нем было опубликовано свыше 400 акушерско- гинекологических статей, присланных из различных местностей СССР. Авторами были как научные работники, так и практические врачи. Кроме исторической ценности, многие из этих статей не потеряли актуальности и в условиях современности, чем и оправдывается опубликование настоящего обзора в наши дни.

In connection with the significant spread of rickets in pre-revolutionary Russia and the relevance of the fight against it after the October Revolution, our scientists have been deeply studying this social disease.

The idea of opening hospital clinics, aimed at bringing teaching closer to hospital, that is, hospital conditions, belongs to N.I. Pirogov. He was the first to head the hospital surgical clinic and proved its vitality at the Medical-Surgical Academy in St. Petersburg. Then hospital surgical clinics were opened in Moscow and Dorpat. Since 1860, hospital clinics were opened in Kazan, organized on the basis of a hospital ordered by a public charity (hereinafter - the provincial zemstvo hospital).

As is known, the speed of propagation of the pulse wave is of great importance for the diagnosis of the elastic properties of arteries, especially in atherosclerosis. The speed of the pulse wave is determined by the time delay of the pulse in the distal part of the artery. This task can be solved by comparing sphygmograms or piezograms from two sections of the artery, simultaneously filmed or taken simultaneously with the ECG.

The automatic syringe designed by us in 1952 for local infiltration anesthesia is very popular. It is used by most of the surgical, part of the obstetric and gynecological clinics in Kazan, as well as some city, rural district and local hospitals and other republics, territories and regions. There are positive reviews everywhere.

Existing flat screening gratings are designed to screen out secondary radiation during X-ray examinations to obtain a clear and contrasting image of the objects being shot. The disadvantage of most of them is the dependence of the speed of the raster movement on temperature and cocking the raster for manual operation. We managed to design and manufacture a grating, which is set in motion without preliminary winding of the raster, for this purpose we used an electric motor. The latter sets in motion the entire movable mechanism of the lattice

Among modern instrumental methods, electrocardiography is one of the oldest. Almost 60 years of its history illustrate the fruitfulness of the relationship between physiology and clinic in the use and study of the method of electrophysiological study of the heart. The simplicity and availability of modern equipment, together with the exceptional capabilities of the ECG to see intimate, in the words of A.F. Samoilov, processes in the myocardium made this research method necessary in the wide practice of a therapist, pediatrician, and infectious disease specialist. The desire of doctors to master electrocardiography and its further development in the service of the clinic is understandable. At the same time, a purely morphological analysis of the electrical curve of the heart often leads to erroneous interpretation of electrocardiographic abnormalities, both with overestimation and underestimation of their value in each individual case.

The monograph under review, which belongs to one of the pioneers of thoracic surgery, summarizes the data of many years of work by the author and the team on esophageal surgery led by him.

The introduction of anticoagulants for the treatment of thrombosis and embolism has made it possible to carry out active therapy in these severe pathological conditions. Therefore, the interest of doctors in the 2nd edition of the monograph by prof. Eberhard Perlik "Anticoagulants", which both in the GDR and in the USSR sold out soon after its publication.

The book begins with a chapter on atomic energy. Then the destructive actions of atomic and hydrogen bombs during their combat use and test explosions are described.

The conference, organized by the Kazan City Department of Health and the Scientific Society of Oncologists, was opened by the Minister of Health of the TASSR R. Yu. Yarmukhametova.
3. V. Golbert (Moscow) emphasized that the diagnosis of a precancerous condition should be made not only on the basis of morphological data, but with the obligatory consideration of the entire clinical picture.