In 1921, Buscaino (Florence) discovered an extremely simple reaction in technique, with the help of which the author considered it possible to find in the urine of patients special, specifically active toxic substances that can play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of various mental and nervous diseases.

The question of the regulation of blood circulation is currently still not clear enough, but it is known that circulatory disorders are associated with changes both in protoplasmodynamics and in the hemodynamics of the body. Recently, there have been significant advances in the study of hemodynamics in circulatory failure. Much attention in these studies is paid to the issue of changes in the value of the minute volume of the heart.

In recent years, the clinic has been enriched with another method for assessing the functional state of the cardiovascular system, determining the rate of blood flow. When studying the functional state of the cardiovascular system, we strive to find out, on the one hand, how sufficient is the supply of blood to cells and tissues, delivering nutrient material and oxygen, and on the other, how much is the removal of waste products of cells and disassimilation. We can find a reflection of the complex interaction of protoplasmodynamic and hemodynamic factors in the average blood circulation rate — a value that cannot be directly determined, but is calculated indirectly, based on comparing the amount of circulating blood with the value of the minute volume.

The question of the relationship between the allergic process and the skin is one of the oldest questions in the theory of allergy. The participation of the skin in allergic processes affects both the development of various forms of diseases, inherently allergic, and the possibility of getting on the skin with allergic forms of syphilis, TBK, fungal infections, eczema, as well as with allergic processes in other organs - one or another biological reactions, indicating a general allergic restructuring of the body.

Over the past few years, the attention of dermatologists has been attracted by a fungal infection of the skin, localized mainly in the area of the feet and palms. In addition to this form of epidermophytosis, epidermophytosis inguinal has been described. With a bordered eczema of Gebra (1860) in 1905, a fungus was discovered (discovered by Kasteli in 1905 and described in detail by Saburo in 1907), called epidermophyton.

The question of the possibility of epithelioma complication of rhinoscleroma is still open. In the literature there are indications that in a number of cases scleroma infiltrates with their morphological picture surprisingly resembled and even completely simulated cancerous and other neoplasms.

In modern foreign and Russian literature, little has been developed about the use of blood transfusion as a therapeutic method in the field of dermatology.

For the first time, hydroadenitis was described in detail in 1864 by Vershim under the name hidrosadenites phlegmoneuse. The process is localized in the thickness of the skin of the armpits at first in the form of a barely noticeable, slightly reddened, blurred focus, painful to the touch and in contact with parts of clothing.

Among the medicinal substances that are used in the treatment of female gonorrhea are mainly silver preparations: Argent. nitricum, Protargol, Collargol, Albargin, etc.

Until recently, magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) was known only as a laxative, and even then inferior to sodium sulfate. But since Melzer and Auer in 1905 showed that MgSO4, when administered parenterally, is a potent hypnotic and antispasmodic agent, the range of indications for MgSO4 began to expand rapidly.

The issues of disinfection of the surgeon's hands are still not fully resolved. Despite the desire of surgeons to reduce the number of suppurations, the percentage of suppuration after clean operations is still quite high, and in some surgeons it reaches 15 and even higher. It is clear that many factors causing suppuration do not depend on the hands of the surgeon, but the treatment of the hands, undoubtedly, plays the most important role. There are many ways to handle hands. Of these, mechano-chemical (Furbringer, Spasokukotsky, Alfeld, Mikulich) and tanning (Zabludovsky, Pokotilo, Geisner, Gerf, etc.). However, as proved bacteriologically, neither the action of chemicals nor mechanical means can achieve durable and long-term sterilization of hands. I remember how Professor VL Bogolyubov, at one of his lectures to students, ironically said that “hands could be considered sterile only after boiling them for 20 minutes in a 2% soda solution.” It is quite understandable why many surgeons have been for about 40 years. back they tried to operate only with sterilized gloves. Now bacteriologically proven that the best way to reduce postoperative suppuration is to operate with sterilized gloves. Regarding this, Prof. Gubarev writes: “You cannot wash your hands so that they are sterile, but gloves can be sterilized as you like".

Recently, more and more often suppurative processes have been diagnosed in the lungs, sometimes more or less extensive, and works on lung abscesses do not leave the pages of the press. At the XXIII All-Union Congress of Surgeons in Leningrad, the issue of abscesses and gangrene of the lungs was a programmatic topic.

In 1932, in the surgical department of the Tula hospital, when I was the head of this department, 4 operations were performed for acute pancreatitis, and 1 case was discovered at autopsy.In all cases, macroscopic findings convincingly proved an acute lesion of the pancreas, accompanied in two cases the usual and characteristic of pancreatitis free bloody effusion in the abdominal cavity and plaques of fatty necrosis.

December 23, 1930 in the State. a 37-year-old patient was delivered to the trauma institute. An hour before admission, she twisted her right foot and received a posterior marginal fracture of the tibia from the outside. Large hemorrhage and rapidly growing swelling in the ankle joint prevented the reposition of the fragments, and a two-fold attempt to establish the displaced fragments along the axis was unsuccessful. At the same time, X-ray showed the presence of two fragments in the region of the posterior edge of the tibia, between which there is a gap 2.5 cm wide. The ratio of the bones forming the fork is broken. Despite the fixation of the limb with a plaster cast, unbearable pains remained along the entire limb, the patient did not sleep.

Great hopes, which were pinned on the use of the specific effect of ultrashort waves (VHF) for therapeutic purposes, have far from justified themselves in practice.

The problem of the participation of the nervous system in the pathogenesis of anaphylactic shock has been the focus of attention of many researchers. Despite the large number of works, a consensus on this issue has not yet been reached. It is known that isolated organs of a sensitized animal can react to an antigen much more strongly than organs of a non-sensitized animal. By isolating the uterus, a piece of intestine, etc., we separate the latter from the central system and by this we judge that an anaphylactic reaction can proceed without the participation of the nervous system. At the same time, we forget two provisions: first, that the reaction of smooth muscles in isolated conditions differs in many respects from the reaction of the whole organism and, second, that these isolated organs contain elements of the autonomic nervous system in the form of fibers and nerve endings and peripheral ganglion cells. Therefore, we believe that the data obtained on isolated organs cannot serve as evidence of the passivity of the autonomic nervous system in anaphylactic shock, the participation of the latter should be studied on the whole organism. We have published our experimental data on the participation of the nervous system in the pathogenesis of anaphylactic shock. In this work, we tried to establish the importance of the nervous system in the reaction of smooth muscles in the whole organism, which is given a dominant role in the pathogenesis of anaphylactic shock.

In the study of anaphylaxis, it was found that the smooth muscles of sensitized animals reacted violently to the antigen. The reaction is manifested to the same extent both when the antigen is injected into the blood, and when it is applied to an isolated muscle.

Back in 1902, in the society of doctors of Carinthia, Folger made a report on the method he proposed for the accelerated cultivation of a diphtheria bacillus. But this method later remained untested and completely unknown for the majority. It was only in 1934 that the work of Alphons Sоle (Vienna) appeared, who checked this accelerated Folger's diagnosis on 200 cases of diphtheria patients and was convinced of the great value of this method.

It seems interesting to subject to analytical analysis two cases of exudative pleurisy. These pleurisy polyclinically interpreted by doctors as having tuberculous origin. On this basis, the patients were sent to the tuberculosis institute. Both patients left the hospital at the Tubinstitute. A pathological and anatomical section was performed. However, it turned out to be possible to make the correct diagnosis even during the life of the patients, in one case with certainty, in the other with a high probability. With the same hemorrhagic nature of the exudate, the same age of the disease (according to the history) and with the same absence of pathological changes in the free lung, the etiology of pleurisy was different. Incidentally, both in one and in the other case, VCs were not found in sputum. This also brought the cases closer together.

Patient B., 33 years old, was admitted to the clinic in Saratovsk. Tubinstitute 15 | IX 1936. Brief history and physical examination indicate right-sided exudative pleurisy. An outpatient X-ray study confirms this and notes specific changes in the free lung on the right (from above to the diaphragm, diffuse intense darkening. On the left, an enhanced pulmonary pattern and in the subclavian space, several non-intensive foci. The heart and blood vessels are very significantly pushed to the left). The patient's condition requires inpatient treatment. The diagnosis of tuberculosis is not in doubt, it is supported by the patient's statement about the frequent presence of VC in her sputum.

The name Syphilis d'emblée is currently understood as such cases of syphilis, where there is no primary syphilis. There are two forms of syphilis without chancre: 1) Syphilis d'emblée a debut ganglionare - cryptogenic syphilis, when, in the absence of chancre, syphilis first manifests itself in the form of swelling of the regional lymphatic glands, 2) Syphilis gematogene d'emblée - hematogenous syphilis when it is not possible to detect chancre, no adenitis, and the first manifestation of syphilis is secondary exanthema.

Large, massive doses of the gonovaccine are now in use in France; in other countries, as, for example, in Australia, they still adhere to a small dosage; in Germany, only a few clinicians have switched to higher dosages. In the USSR, most of us keep small and medium doses. Prof. Ya. D. Pechnikov uses massive doses even in the most severe cases of complications. We tested the effect of massive doses on the material of the Solikamsk vendispensary. Based on our material, we were convinced that a violent reaction caused by large doses gives a speedy recovery, while small doses give a small reaction and a small effect.

The treatment of chronic leg ulcers is a difficult task for the treating physician, surgeon and dermatologist. Such ulcers have been treated in a variety of ways, ranging from a variety of conservative dressings to radical surgical measures. Physiotherapists suggest physiotherapy methods; radiographers — x-rays; bacteriologists — with vaccines, antivirus, and neuropathologists — with nerve cutting. We did not make comparative observations on different methods of treating leg ulcers and had the task of studying and testing only the method of treatment with mercury plaster, proposed at one time by the French surgeon Chassenyak.

All kinds of complications from the nervous system after various vaccinations certainly deserve attention.

Localization of echinococcus in the kidney is a relatively rare phenomenon. Until recently, most authors have limited themselves to single observations. Percentage statistics for different authors are not the same. So, for example, according to Aleksinsky, echinococcus is found in the kidney in 5.43% of cases, according to Bogolyubov — in 4.5%, according to Soloviev — in 4.2% and according to Mramornov — in 1.3%.

The publication of the collection, diversifying the three-year results of the experimental and clinical study of ammonia solutions of silver, is very timely.

The author tries to resolve the question of how an outbreak of pneumococcal infection occurs in animals in which, under the influence of the injected serum, the microbes temporarily disappear from the blood. Is this outbreak the result of the cessation of the action of immune bodies or the emergence of generations of pneumococci that are resistant to the action of antibodies?

The mechanism of the phenomenon of interference is usually placed in the closest connection with the cell of the parasite itself and, therefore, is fully explained by Ehrlich's concept of the direct action of chemotherapeutic agents.

To clarify the question posed, the author studied the fibrinolytic properties of streptococci isolated from the pharynx of sick people. The results obtained were compared, on the one hand, with the course and severity of the infectious process in which this strain was isolated, and, on the other hand, with the virulence of the latter for experimental animals (mice and rabbits). In total, 89 strains were examined, and it turned out that the ability of streptococci, pathogenic for humans, to dissolve the plasma of the latter, is a persistent property of this microbe, inherent, however, only to single strains. The lytic differences that exist between the plasma of different individuals are due to constitutional properties, and the author considers it established that the plasma of men is more likely and more susceptible to fibrinolysis than the plasma of women.

Yeast polysaccharides are of great interest to both the chemist and the chemist. and for an immunobiologist, since their immunobiological specificity has been established by the reactions of flocculation, complement binding and precipitation. Of particular interest is the existence of a peculiar connection between yeast polysaccharides and polysaccharides of type II pneumococcus, since it has been proven that the antisera of rabbits treated with yeast react specifically with pneumococci of this type, agglutinate them and have the same protective effect in experiments on mice as a homologous antiserum.

The author studied the trypanocidal effect of some dyes (trypanrot, tryparosan, trypaflavin), arsenic derivatives (arsenophenylglycine atoxil, salvarsan), emetic derivatives (antimosan, fuadin emetic) and naganol on different strains of Tr. brucei. The results he obtained show that the medicinal effect of trypanocidal substances is not constant, and their therapeutic dose varies greatly depending on the properties of the trypanosis strain in which they are used. These data, which fully coincide with the instructions of Schilling, Duke, Kline, and others, indicate that the results obtained in the study of the medicinal effect of the drug on old strains are only of relative value in the practice of tropical countries.

In one of the previous reports, the authors established the therapeutic and prophylactic effect of synthaline in experimental trypanosomyasis and spirochetosis. In the present study, we used another drug with the ability to destroy sugar in the body — anticoman (a guanidine derivative), which is much less toxic than synthaline.

The chemical analysis of blood now makes it possible to deepen our knowledge of the physiopathology of bone diseases and facilitate diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.

Yamagushi discovered three different forms of Schottmüller's paratyphoid stick B, which differ in that the first A-form reacts positively with mixed typhoid serum and Gärtner's group-specific serum, the second B-form positively only with the first of these two sera, and the third C, with none of the these sera are not agglutinated. Further, it was found that the A-form contains coctolable homologous concomitant agglutinins, the C-form, on the contrary, is coctostable, and the B-form does not contain any of its special homologous concomitant agglutinins at all.

The author was able to confirm the data of Watanabe, who showed that the so-called specific and nonspecific forms of the Shiga-Kruse stick contain two of their own specific receptors and a significant number of different nonspecific ones. The first two receptors make it possible to differentiate this type of microbe from heterologous, while the other (nonspecific) receptors establish the relationship of this type with others.

Usually, after the introduction of parahormone, phosphaturia occurs.

In cases of chronic rheumatism, various parathyroid therapy is used — parathyroidectomy (in cases of tumors of the parathyroid glands and with their normal size), isophenolization of the parathyroid glands and injections of extracts of the parathyroid glands. In many cases, this therapy provided rapid, temporary improvement.

The author, in connection with his own observation of a case of Recklinghausen's disease, gives a detailed literary review of works devoted to this disease.

Cases of hyperthyroidism and diabetes are not very rare; impaired carbohydrate metabolism is observed much less frequently in hypothyroidism.

The author draws attention to the fact that the extract of the adrenal cortex is inherent in the ability to moderate the activity of the thyroid gland and neutralize the action of thyroxine. By administering adrenaline to guinea pigs with artificially maintained hyperthyroidism, he sought to reduce its manifestations. An increase in basal metabolism from the administration of thyroxine does not occur if the adrenal cortex extract is simultaneously administered. The author also noticed that C-vitamin acid can produce a similar effect. Studying the antithyroid substance of the adrenal cortex, the author noted that it is destroyed after 2-3 hours when oxygen is passed over it at a pH of 93 and a temperature of 38 ° C. The author believes that the extract of the adrenal cortex can provide valuable services in the fight against clinical forms of hyperthyroidism.

The authors obtained very satisfactory results from treating 27 children suffering from bedwetting with a diet rich in table salt. Before starting dietary treatment, you need to take care of eliminating all kinds of physical and mental causes that support the pathological state of the urinary tract. During the day, the child receives his usual food. Until noon, he can drink as much fluids as he wants. Then the introduction of the liquid is somewhat reduced to 4 hours. At this time, he receives his last portion of milk or tea. At 5.30 am, dinner is served containing as little moisture as possible: meat, eggs, crackers. When the child has finally gone to bed, he is served a sandwich containing 5 g of salt mixed with meat, fish or fat. Under such conditions, salt is absorbed gradually and for a long time exerts its inhibitory effect on urine excretion. After two months of strict implementation of this regimen, you can add fruits and vegetables, and gradually reduce the amount of salt. If incontinence recurs, the amount of salt increases again.

A syringe is taken from the cubital vein 40 cubic meters. cm of blood and place it in a sterile Petri dish, in which 30 to 40 g of dehydrated sodium sulfate are poured, mix with a glass rod until a thick mass is obtained. The dried mass is transferred into a mortar and turned into powder. If the mixture does not thicken, then add more sodium sulfate. The powder is transferred to an Erlenmeyer flask and poured over 100 cubic meters. cm of ether, is mixed in a scupper for 20 minutes. Then the flask is placed on a special shelf that gives it a 45° tilt. The top layer of liquid is decanted and centrifuged twice in a row. The centrifuged ether is evaporated to dryness. The lipoid precipitate is dissolved in 6 cubic meters. cm of gasoline, to which 0.6 cu. see olive oil. The gasoline is allowed to evaporate. The olive oil, into which the lipoid extract has passed, is sterilized in an autoclave at 15 pounds of pressure for 15 minutes. When placed in a dark bottle with a ground-in stopper, this extract can be stored for several days. It is administered in fractionated doses to a sexually mature castrated mouse. On the first day, three injections are given at four hour intervals. The next day, two, at the same intervals. The extract is injected into the mouse under the skin of the back. Starting the next day, vaginal swabs are prepared for 4 consecutive days, twice a day. The smears are stained with 1% thionine.

A culture of Br. abortus bovis was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a girl with meningitis, quite typical in its properties. R. agglutination of the culture with the patient's serum gave a negative result. The patient was injected into the spinal canal with 61 cm3 of serum from a person who had had brucellosis. Very soon thereafter, all painful phenomena subsided. The patient began to feel better, the cerebrospinal fluid became clear.

Head lice. a) The purest and therefore the most common remedy for killing head lice is a solution of mercuric chloride in diluted alcohol 1: 500. They need to wet their scalp and hair 2 times a day for several days in a row. The disadvantage of this solution is that it causes an unpleasant burning sensation when it gets on excoriated places, b) Greasing the head with oil. While lice do not drown in water, they can be drowned in oil. For this purpose, the head is covered with a thick layer of petrolatum and tied tightly with a towel overnight. In the morning, petrolatum is removed with liquid vegetable oil and washed off with hot water and soap.

Considering that when hyposulfite is combined with hydrochloric acid, sulfur is formed in statu nascendi, the authors applied these drugs to 50 patients with scabies, rubbing them with 40% hyposulfite and 4% hydrochloric acid. The review of the method is favorable. (For some reason, the authors call the method "Danish", although Prof. MP Demyanovich proposed it in our USSR 15 years ago Ref.)

A report on a case concerning a 77-year-old Negro who had symptoms of balanitis 4 years before contacting the authors. Various methods of therapy were used, but the process was not curable. In their appearance, the lesions on the head looked like leukoplakia, but there was no infiltration, in some places the process tended to superficial ulceration. The inguinal glands are not changed. Wasserman's reaction was negative. When studying a biopsy piece of tissue, the phenomena of parakeratosis, proliferation of the epithelium, accumulation of cells in keratonized foci, and dilation of blood vessels were found. Based on the study of patient data, the authors believe that erythroplasia should be considered a manifestation of cancer.

To better see the diseased hair, you need to put your head between the shadow and the light so that the latter glides over it. Sometimes the hair that is affected by shingles is hidden under crusts. These scabs make it easier to find affected hair. With a microsporion, the hair appears to be covered with frost, with an endosporion, it looks like a comma, its fragments are deeply embedded in a thick crust. These signs relate to an already developed disease. A hair affected by microsporion looks like a glass rod dipped in glue and dumped in the sand under the microscope. With endotrichophytosis, it is all permeated with spore filaments, resembling a bag filled with nuts, and the parasite does not spread beyond the epidermis of the hair shaft. With kerion, parasites are found that are very reminiscent of microsporion, but they are even smaller, which is why they were called microids. As with microsporion, they form, as it were, a case around the hair with the only difference that here the spores lie in the form of threads, and not in the form of a mosaic. In much rarer cases, there are parasites of the endo-exotrix type, which fill the interior of the hair and at the same time go beyond the epidermis, forming around it, as it were, a case of very large spores (megaspores).

In recent years, the authors have observed more than 100 cases of lymphogranulomatosis. The greatest interest from the point of view of studying the duration of the incubation period in this disease deserves 11 cases, the case histories of which the authors cite in brief excerpts. In 8 cases, incubation was equal to one month, in 1 case — 1½ months and in 2 cases — 3 months. The most probable and plausible period is 1 month. Experimental studies on animals show that they have an average incubation of 35 days. Touraine, in a debate on the authors' report, indicated that in the classical manuals and from his personal observations, the incubation period of the disease is 10-25 days.

The case history of a 42-year-old patient with lymphogranulomatosis is given. The reaction with Frey's antigen is positive. After using the lithium preparation for therapeutic purposes, the patient developed a rash on certain parts of the body such as erythema multiforme. A biopsy of a piece of skin at the site of the rash and its histological examination did not find changes characteristic of lymphogranulomatosis, similar to those found from the foci of the groin region. An antigen was made from pieces of biopsied elements, which was used for an intradermal reaction — the reaction in the b-th was negative. Is the rash the result of a medication? Discontinuation of the lithium preparation did not lead to the disappearance of the rash, and further use of the drug did not increase the rash. The authors suggest that they had to observe the allergic syndrome in a patient with lymphogranulomatosis.

A 23-year-old man, with acute gonorrhea, was treated in Barcelona with lavages and infusions of gonacrine. Twelve to fifteen days after the start of treatment, two folliculitis appeared on the preputial sac. After another 5 days, fever with a temperature of up to 39°. Soon, adenitis appears in the groins, characteristic of lymphogranulomas. Folliculitis resembled "gonoric abscesses" in appearance. The gonorrhea urethritis was over, the urine was clear. Folliculitis pus was inoculated into mice. The produced Frey's antigen was applied to the patient and the intradermal reaction was positive. Under the influence of iodine treatment, the adenopathy was cured. The authors consider folliculitis to be "chancres" of Nicolas-Favre disease.