The Anatomical Theatre of Kazan State Medical Institute celebrates 100 years of existence, while the Department of Anatomy started its work at the University much earlier, among the 6 departments that made up the then Faculty of Medicine.

A comprehensive study of the endemic goiter shows that the latter has a certain geographical distribution. Affecting entire villages and districts, it acquires the character of a national disaster, since it bears in itself the beginnings of human degeneration in the form of cretinism, varying degrees of mental and physical backwardness: deafness, infantilism and a number of other constitutional violations.

In our work, published in 1933 in the "Kazan Medical Journal", an analysis of the incidence of disability in the main industrial enterprises of Kazan for 1931 and 1932 is given. In this work, we will try to give a brief overview of the incidence for 1933 and 1934 for 25 industries Kazan, with a total number of insured about 30,000.

This work is based on the material of clinical and polyclinical examination of workers of the leading workshops of the Chemical Combine. The main production facilities are aniline, dimegil-aniline, nitroaniline, p-natroaniline, and others.

Observations of the dependence of a person's diseases on the hereditary gifts he received from his ancestors, which he shares with his congeners, on the one hand, and the success of experimental biology in studying the laws of heredity, on the other, have raised the question of the possibility of applying the biological laws of heredity to human pathology and the human clinic to one of the first places in medicine.

In the problem of the pathogenesis of cardiac decompensation, we are currently interested not only in issues of hemodynamics. It is known that a cardiovascular patient has various metabolic disorders, carbohydrate and protein metabolism suffers, basal metabolism and acid-base balance are disturbed, and undeoxidized metabolic products appear in the blood in excess. In the light of these data, it is of interest to solve the problem of the state of oxidative processes in the tissues of a cardiovascular patient.

A large number of works have been devoted to the mechanism of action of the Matsesta baths on cardiovascular patients, and at present there is no doubt that under the influence of Matsesta baths, significant hemodynamic changes occur in the body of a healthy person and a cardiovascular patient.

In studying the physiology and pathology of blood circulation, and in dealing with the individual issues involved, we aim to find out on a case-by-case basis how far enough blood is supplied to cells and tissues to deliver nutrient material and oxygen. Therefore, the main thing we are interested in when analysing the factors that make up the blood circulation function is the energy accounting with which the blood moves through the vascular system.

It is very difficult for a doctor who has a patient with an aortic aneurysm in front of him, who has an extensive history of Haemopthoe, to get rid of the idea that the cause of this bleeding is an aneurysm. Meanwhile, according to Baer, only 15% of aneurysmics end up with perforation, while the vast majority die from complications and heart weakness.

Hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis, as a separate chapter of pulmonary tuberculosis, has attracted much attention in recent years, and at present there is a huge amount of work devoted to the clinical picture and pathomorphology of this form of pulmonary tuberculosis. The extraordinary diversity of the clinical and radiological picture and the anatomical variability of hematogenous disseminated (hem.-dis.) Pulmonary TB do not make it possible to offer a satisfactory classification, and therefore we meet different attempts to characterize the hem.-dis. tbk lungs.

In the literature on the issue of curative treatment and the accounting of its results, the section on curative use in lung patients with diseases of the nervous system and in independent nervous diseases is a very poor subject. Apart from the work of A.M. Miropolskaya, we have nothing. At the same time, given the high popularity of koumissotherapy among the population, the number of patients with diseases of the nervous system, often coming to koumiss resorts in the order of gravity, is very significant.

One of the few diseases in its persistence, sometimes severity, always "insidious" —bronchial asthma continues to be a serious challenge for the clinic.

Acute disorders of the motor and secretory functions of the intestines are of particular practical interest for a doctor. Being a common symptom in a wide variety of diseases of the intestines and stomach, and often the whole body, diarrhea is one of the diseases that occur every day.

Without going into the details of the analysis of the existing hypotheses about the pathogenesis of trophic ulcers of the extremities, I should note that the scope of this last concept has now been largely expanded. A number of authors refer to trophic ulcers not only as mal perforant du pied ulcers, which are based on damage to the central or peripheral nervous system, but also ulcers of a different origin: varicose, posttyphoid, traumatic and ulcers that developed after burns, frostbite, purulent inflammatory processes (erysipelas, phlegmon, abscesses, etc.).

In 1862, Raynaud first described, as a completely independent nosological unit, a kind of disease of the peripheral and most protruding parts of the body (fingers of the upper and lower extremities, auricles, the tip of the nose, cheeks), now known under the name of Raynaud's symmetric gangrene ... Since that time, little new has been introduced into the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease.

If the clinic of acute intussusception, which is not an exquisite rarity in the work of a surgeon, can be considered sufficiently studied, this cannot be said for chronic intussusception, which is much less common.

Among metastatic abscesses with surgical sepsis, purulent pericarditis is relatively rare. On Gerke's material, pericarditis, as a complication of septicemia, erysipelas, scarlet fever, is rare. Among 8937 septic patients, pericarditis was detected clinically and at autopsy in 221 cases, with purulent pericarditis in most cases (90).

Studying the practical application of blood transfusion led me to examine the blood of young embryos in order to determine whether they belonged to a particular group. Later on, the study came down to determining when the embryos had an isoagglutination reaction, and since the experience was carried out with standard serums and erythrocytes of the embryo, our study was mainly aimed at identifying agglutinogens.

Back in the last century in Western Europe, many authors, especially French ones, established a close relationship between diseases of the dental system and other organs and areas close or distant from the masticatory apparatus.

The duration of the course of acute male gonorrhea is extremely varied and varies widely from several days to several months. This duration depends on various reasons. Most authors give different terms for the cure of male gonorrhea.

In connection with the experimental and clinical study of pyodermia in our clinic, we investigated by sowing microbial flora in some forms of pyodermia.

According to the Laie, lead is used in some form or other in more than 110 industries, but there is no doubt that there are many other occupations in which lead poisoning can occur, apart from those listed by Laie. It must be stated at once that the number of productions and classes where lead poisoning is permitted within the USSR, according to Decree No 265 of the People's Commissariat for Labor of 16 August 1932, has drastically decreased and will continue to decrease. However, since lead cannot be completely removed for the next period of time and the damage will be felt by workers at these facilities, we cannot be indifferent and must deal with the prevention and treatment of lead poisoning.

The actual reaction (Ph) in an inflamed tissue environment has now been measured for many types of inflammation. Most measurements concern acute purulent inflammations (boils, abscesses) or exudates derived from various inflamed tissues or cavities in the human body (Schade, Neükirchu, Halpert). The results of these measurements made it possible to propose changes in Ph in inflamed tissue as one of the essential indicators characterising the inflammatory process.

Being far from syphilidology in my specialty, I had, however, the opportunity to observe not isolated, but massive cases of periarticular nodes. The isolated cases of periarticular nodes quoted by G. Kondratyev, described by a few foreign and Soviet authors, characterize the rarity of this phenomenon in ordinary conditions.

In recent years in the USSR, P. N. Davydov's preparation consisting of clay (90%) and talc (10%), carefully mixed and soaked with 30% arsenic acid sodium solution, has been used as a dry disinfectant. A 0.75 kg of powder is used to etch 1 m of seed. It is dressed no earlier than one month before sowing in special dressing machines.

Echinococcus affection of the breast is considered a very rare disease. The number of cases published in the literature is not large.

The etiology of many skin diseases remains unclear. Clinical experience and observations have long led the leading specialists to the conviction that many dermatoses are undoubtedly associated with disorders of the autonomic-endocrine system. Both these observations and our personal experience in this area prompted us to use endocrine drugs in the treatment of skin diseases. Recently we have been using gravidan for this purpose.

Uterine rupture is most commonly seen during labor and relatively rare before delivery. A large percentage of mortality with them, reaching up to 80% for the mother, and almost 100% for children, makes us pay special attention to the etiology and diagnosis of uterine rupture in general, in particular spontaneous, in each case of this kind of complication.

12-centipital ulcer is known to be much less common in childhood than in adults. The number of works on this issue is insignificant. Most of the cases described are in early childhood. In older children, 12 colon ulcers are rare.

In practice, cases of human exposure to rabies are very rare and little described in the literature, where the animal did not bite but only licked completely intact body parts (Savateev). That's what prompted us to describe one of the 9 cases that were in the Sverdlovsk Oblast Mental Hospital in the last 2 years.

In June 1935, a solemn celebration of the 15th anniversary of the activity of the V.I.Lenin State Institute for Advanced Medical Studies in Kazan took place. In honor of the anniversary, a "week of medical science" was organized.

The 23rd Congress of Surgeons took place after a too-three-year hiatus, at a time when Soviet health care is on a steep rise, when Soviet surgery is growing and expanding. This was felt both in the intense attention with which the reports were listened to in a crowded hall, and in the lively conversations and warm meetings of colleagues in surgical weapons in the corridors during breaks.

In 1915, Prof. Dеlbеt, who was not satisfied with the method of pure asepsis in the treatment of wounds because of its passivity, tried to find a remedy that would actively help the body to fight the infection. In his search, he came across magnesium halide salts (Mg) that met his requirements. But in the process of working with magnesium salts, mainly magnesium chloride, some of their properties were discovered, which attracted Dеlbеt to another, no less interesting area, namely malignant tumours.

The Conference on Physiological Optics, convened by the State Optical Institute and the All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine, took place in Leningrad on 25-29 December 1934 and attracted many outstanding employees in the field of physiological optics (ophthalmologists, physicists, physiologists, engineers, lighting engineers, etc.).

The appearance of printed scientists from all universities in general, and from medical schools in particular, is undoubtedly the best indicator of the prosperity of this institution. From this point of view, we cannot but welcome the appearance in sadness of the first issue of the scientific works of the young Arkhangelsk Medical Institute under the editorship of Professor I.L. Tsimkhes, a pet of Kazan Medical Institute.

The biographies of Koch and Virkhov, written by N.A.Semashko, differ from other biographies of these leading figures of modern medicine available in Russian in that they show the attitude of capitalist society and give a Marxist analysis of Virkhov's political evolution.

Analyzing clinical and experimental data on hypochloremia, the authors show that both during vomiting and when giving diuretica, it is not only about the loss of chlorine, but at the same time a large amount of water is lost.

During the development of infectious hepatitis, hyperazotemia is observed, which until now has always been attributed to accompanying hepatitis nephritis (so-called hepato-nephritis). The possibility of accompanying acute hepatitis with nephritis has indeed been proven histologically.

The mechanism of postoperative hypochloremia has now found some explanation, since Legue showed that chlorine is selectively fixed in the area of tissues damaged by the operation. The authors examined a dog's kidney through which Ringer-Locke fluid was passed.

The role of calcium, platelets, and other factors that were associated with bleeding was not confirmed in jaundice. Carr and Toote found that the amino acid cysteine was the main factor impeding blood clotting. In obstructive jaundice, this amino acid accumulates in the blood and in in vitro experiments and, when administered to animals, causes a deterioration in blood clotting.

The author showed that the administration of large quantities of distilled or plain water per os to experimental animals causes intoxication, which can be prevented by the intravenous administration of 10% saline solution.

The authors prepared a concentrated toxoid according to the Ramon method. Anti-diphtheria serum was added to the usual toxoid (12-14 flocculating units) until optimal flocculation was obtained.

The author showed that the action of pneumococcal serum, which causes the excretion of the pathogen that has entered the bloodstream, is strictly specific for its species and type.

Pneumococcal serum gives approximately the same effect in mice and rabbits, if an indicator of the effectiveness of serum treatment is considered the ability to protect animals from death. In this case, the effect of the action of equal doses of serum in pneumococcal rabbits is the higher, the earlier the serum is used.

The vaccine was prepared from daily broth cultures of pneumococcus by centrifugation followed by dilution of the sediment in physiological solution.

The authors have experimented with guinea pigs, rabbits and dogs. They injected the animals into the muscle of the hind leg with diphtheria toxin treated with formalin (4.35%) in a thermostat for 22 hours.

The author tried to solve the question of whether it is possible to induce the Schwarzman (Sh Ph) phenomenon not only by combining a protein antigen with its antiserum, but also a hapten with the corresponding antibodies.

Gundel and Seitz showed that optoquine is the best chemotherapeutic agent for pneumococcal infections. Ethylapoquinine in its chemical structure is very close to optoquin, differing from it only in the absence of two hydrogen atoms.

The work of a number of authors shows that by injecting the rabies virus into animals' abdominal cavity, the disease cannot be caused. To overcome the barrier posed to infection by the peritoneal mucous membrane, the author blocked the reticular and endothelial system in guinea pigs and then injected the virus into their abdominal cavity.

The main optoquin was administered to rabbits per os at 0.01 g per 1 kg of body weight immediately after infection and then within 3 days, every 6 hours. In another series of animals, optoquin was injected every 6 hours four times during infection and the same number after infection. In the third series of rabbits, optoquine was injected intramuscularly.