Pathological processes in the body, according to R. Virchow's expression, have their own physiological prototype (physiologisches Vorbild). Physiological and pathological processes, apparently, proceed according to the same laws, but under changed conditions. Pathological processes are quantitatively and qualitatively modified physiological processes.

This preliminary report is a continuation of the one I have published in the Kazan Medical Center. zhurn. (1927, No. 10). Then, using chemical substances as an irritant of a different nature when studying the cytology of exudate at different times, we came to the following conclusions.

In view of the presence in T.R. In chemical plants, in which some of the workers are exposed to chloroform and ether vapors, the Occupational Hygiene Department, along with the study of a number of other industrial poisons, set up an experimental study of the effect of chloroform and ether on the animal organism. In this work, we report the data obtained by us during a single acute poisoning of an animal with chloroform or ether (i.e., anesthesia), which may be of interest to clinicians.

Combined heart defects with simultaneous lesions of the bicuspid, tricuspid, and aorta are very rare. In the literature available to us, we found descriptions of only 13 cases of interest to us vices confirmed by autopsy: Hiller, Nepryakhin, Iodov and Changli-Chaikin.

The exceptional rarity of the sound phenomenon observed in a patient in our clinic seems to us quite sufficient reason for the publication of this case in print. Acquaintance with the literature on this issue prompted us even more to report, since in the literature at our disposal, as will be seen from the following, we did not find a completely analogous case.

Recently, the issue of helminthic invasion has become widely debated in the press, and by now a sufficient number of facts have accumulated that indicate that helminths are a social calamity that requires close attention. It has long been known what severe disorders can lead to helminthic invasion, especially ascaris, due to the ability of ascaris to crawl into all organs. Without dwelling on the symptomatology and the clinic of helminthic invasion, we will only point out here that the worms, in addition to purely mechanical harm, also cause various disorders, poisoning the body with the toxins they produce.

If we allow ourselves to look back at the relatively recent period of urban and rural medicine, dating back to the mid-80s, we will see that the treatment of purulent appendicitis in many regions of Russia was practiced in approximately the following form. At that time, a patient with suspected purulent appendicitis was kept in bed on the strictest diet for at least 1% -2 months, applying topically first ice and then heat, and patiently waited until the “abscess matured” and until superficial skin fluctuation appeared. and then the abscess, ready to open up on its own, was already cut.

In connection with the observed in recent years (especially hungry) a large number of patients with so-called spontaneous gangrene, this issue has again become the order of the day. For the first time Winiwarter in 1878, having established the fact of arterial obstruction in persons suffering from this disease, came to the conclusion that this gangrene is associated with obliterating endoarteritis.

It would seem that modern surgery based on asepsis is guaranteed against the possibility of introducing infection into the human body. However, observations show that with all the thoroughness of adherence to the principles of asepsis, a certain percentage of our "clean" operations are complicated by more or less extensive and deep suppuration, more or less significant introduction of infection into the tissues.

The mammary glands of men rarely undergo pathological changes, and therefore their diseases are of some scientific interest in general and for surgeons in particular. According to William's statistics, men account for only 1% of all breast neoplasms. Of the various changes in these rudimentary, non-functioning organs in men, gynecomastia deserves special attention, due to its variable clinical form and unexplained etiological moments.

In the treatment of purulent processes, the biological method comes to the rescue and replaces the antiseptic method. Designed by the professor. Occasionally, the doctrine of local immunity served as the basis for the method of skin vaccination proposed by him. Professor by his experiments. It has often been proven that the skin is the gateway through which infection enters.

The question of the cause of the extremely severe course and death in acute diffuse peritonitis remained unresolved for a long time. The work of Heineke establishes that this reason lies in the paralysis of the vasomotor and respiratory centers of the medulla oblongata. However, this could not exhaust this issue.

Под карункулами в гинекологии разумеются небольшие доброкачественные новообразования, исходящие из слизистой оболочки женской уретры и выпячивающиеся через уретральное отверстие наружу. Самый термин „карункул“, согласно указаниям многих авторов, занимавшихся данным вопросом, считается неудачным, ибо он не определяет патологоанатомической сущности заболевания; ввиду этого авторы сильно расходятся в указаниях на то, какие новообразования уретры следует обозначать этим названием.

Only that surgeon is not mistaken who does not operate. This is a walking truth. The surgeon can make mistakes in the diagnosis, in the indications for the operation and, finally, in the operative technique. Surgery has made great strides forward, has grown gigantic; it can be said without exaggeration that in its achievements it far surpassed all other applied sciences.

Patients with chronic damage to the ears have been visiting our outpatient clinics for years without results, undergoing all kinds of therapeutic interventions and, in the end, lose all hope of a cure. It remains, as ultimum refugium, surgical intervention in the form of a radical operation, but the latter does not give us confidence that we will free the patient from his suffering. Therefore, the attention of otiatrists has long been directed towards finding new ways to treat chronic suppurative otitis media.

Cysticercus in the eye is considered a rare occurrence. In the literature, both foreign and Russian, there are few descriptions of cases of intraocular cysticercus of their surgical removal. In the 19th century, more of them fell on foreign literature; in XX, while, judging by foreign literature, the number of cysticers is decreasing, in Russian their number is increasing.

Treatment of a large group of skin diseases developing as a result of infection of the skin and its accessory formations with pyogenic microorganisms has always been a thankless and difficult task in dermatology. The diversity and unequal virulence of the flora, sometimes deep localization of the disease process, different intensity of inflammatory phenomena - all this greatly complicates the choice of appropriate therapeutic measures.

Patient I., 23 years old, was admitted to the Therapeutic Clinic of the Institute 19. ІII. 27 with complaints of nausea, regardless of food intake, headache, mainly in the morning. Recently, she has noted double vision. The patient considers himself 1 month old.

In the magazine "Doctor. Case ", No. 4, 1929, in the section" Notes from practice "there is an article by E. And Khinskaya," Atypical course of influenza ", which describes an influenza that resembles either typhus or typhoid fever. The appearance of this article, which could not be more opportune: lately, I, and many other doctors, have had quite a few cases of diseases similar in clinical picture and course either to typhoid or typhus, which are suitable for the cases described by E And Khinskaya.

The clinical picture of stomach burns with caustic poisonous substances has not been sufficiently developed and even in special manuals on gastric diseases little space is given to this issue. Meanwhile, these cases are far from being an exceptional rarity and acquaintance with the symptomatology of this suffering, its course, is of practical interest, since only under these conditions is it possible to early recognize the long-term consequences of stomach burns and provide the patient with the necessary help leading to the salvation of his life.

Is the presence of a foreign body in the lung an indication for its removal? Should it be removed even if it is not seriously disturbing? Apparently, surgeons are currently inclined towards a positive answer to this question because, firstly, that a foreign body, even after smooth healing of the wound, poses a danger to its carrier, since it is a focus of a latent infection, and secondly, because operations on pleura and lung are not nearly as dangerous as previously thought.

Roundworms are a parasite not only of humans, but also of some domestic animals. Ascaris is a round worm that lives mainly in the small part of the human intestine, in particular in the duodenum. In dogs and cats, roundworms are often found in the stomach. The worm, which occurs in humans, is called. Ascaris lunibricoides, in a pig, Asc. suilla Dujardin, in a horse, Asc. mega-loceph, y dogs — Toxascar, limbata s. Belascaris marginata and y cats — Belascaris mystax.

Setting ourselves the task of acquainting readers with some indicators of social and hygienic importance in a small journal article, we take into account all the difficulties of this big problem from the very beginning. A separate article should be devoted to each separate issue and its indicators.

Last year I got acquainted with urological institutions in Germany and Austria, and now I would like to share with the readers the impressions that I got from visiting urological centers in Berlin and Vienna.

The congress, held in Leningrad on June 5-9, c / y, attracted over 1,350 members-surgeons not only from the nearest large and university centers, but also from remote periphery, such as the Far East, Kazakstan, Turkestan, the Caucasus, etc. the congress was attended by a number of venerable surgeons, like a professor. V. A. Oppel (Leningrad), Ya. O. Halperin (Dnepropetrovsk). Mukhadze (Tiflis), A. V. Vishnevsky (Kazan), V. N. Rozanov (Moscow), V. I. Parin (Perm), S. P. Fedorov (Leningrad), A. V. Martynov (Moscow) and Dr. Professor was elected Chairman of the Congress. Herzen (Moscow), who pointed out in his first word that the power of Russian scientific thought lies not only in the assimilation and deepening of modern knowledge, but also in the development of issues of everyday life and professorship. PM most of the meetings were held, brief and exhaustive assessments were given on the reports and debates that arose. A professor was elected deputy chairman of the Congress. V.L. Pokotillo (Odessa).

The III All-Union Congress on Combating Venous Diseases was held in Leningrad from June 1 to June 7 this year. and was extremely crowded: over 940 doctors from all over the USSR gathered, about 100 reports were announced. Following the Congress, an All-Union meeting on the fight against gonorrhea was held, which attracted a significant number of participants in the All-Union Congress of Urologists.

Doctor. V. I. Nizner. Demonstration of the patient after laminectomy for a spinal fracture. B-th, a worker, 35 years old, fell from a staircase 372 meters high. Dizziness, vomiting, back pain, stulag and urine retention. Swelling in the area of the spinous processes of the 12th thoracic and 1st lumbar vertebrae. Spinal cord compression and spinal injury in the lumbar region are suspected.

Doctor A.I. Alekseeva-Kuzmina. Demonstration of b-th after surgery for damage to the meniscus of the knee joint. The case relates to a young patient who was operated on for about 3 weeks so-called. about the combined transchondral and paracapsular rupture of the medial meniscus of the left knee joint with a completely satisfactory immediate result, both functional and in terms of eliminating painful subjective sensations.

Dr. A. M. Chuprikova. Epiglottis cyst case. Male, 30 years old. On the lingual surface of the epiglottis, a cyst, the size of a cherry; mild subjective disorders. The wall of the cyst is dissected by the laryngeal leader, the contents are squeezed out by swallowing movements. Recovery. — Debate: Professor V. K. Trutnev and Dr. Z. I. Wolfson.

Doctor 3.I. Malkin. On the issue of dysglandular nanosomy. - The speaker showed a 16-year-old boy, corresponding in his physical development to 6-7 years old (height 108 cm, weight 19.2 kg.). In addition to a sharp backwardness in height and weight, the patient has an abundant deposition of fat, especially on the chest, lower abdomen and pubis, dryness and swelling of the skin, lack of vegetation on the entire body, underdevelopment of the external genital organs.

Dr. Emdii - Anthrax in Tatrespu Blik. 1. Anthrax affects mainly workers involved in the processing and transportation of skins-alive-raw materials. 2. The number of patients with anthrax in Kazan has a certain tendency to decrease: in 1924, 66 people fell ill. in 1925 — 63 hours, in 1926 — 33 hours, in 1927 — 29 hours, in 1928 — 26 people. The same picture is in all of Tataria.

Dr. A. N. Semakin. A case of encephalitis with endocrine disruption Patient, 17 y. In childhood, he suffered from encephalitis, on the basis of which, according to the speaker, further violations in the pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems, in the endocrine and nervous systems developed. The patient has mental and physical retardation corresponding to 14 years of age, incomplete bone growth, a decrease in the sella turcica and the cavity of the right lateral ventricle of the brain, underdevelopment of the reproductive apparatus and secondary sexual characteristics, pyramidal symptoms on the lower extremities.

Doctor M.N. Aksyantsev; Demonstration of a case of lung disease that does not fit into the usual clinical picture. Bilateral upper lobe tuberculous process, in its dynamics gave hematogenous uniform seeding in both lungs and cavernous disintegration. Against the background of a tuberculous process, a cavity with a mobile liquid content, which is scarred.

The book was composed of lectures given to teachers, and refers primarily to them, but it is of interest to doctors as well. The core of the book is made up of chapters devoted to social pathology and hygiene of the most important periods of childhood (infancy, preschool and school ages) and the social and hygienic work of a doctor and teacher. The social conditioning of health and disease is very well shown here; on the example of the fight against tuberculosis, the specific content of the fight against a social disease is revealed; the work of OZD doctors is described in detail.

The book consists of 2 parts: in the 1st of them the history of massage and medical gymnastics is given, their physiology and technique are described, and in the 2nd part the application of these methods of treatment for various diseases is indicated. The fact that the book has gone through 9 editions speaks of its dignity as a short introduction to the study of this subject.

If the infectious-pyrogenic method (artificial inoculation of malaria and recurrens), introduced in 1917 by Wagner-Jaurregg, has won a proper and firm place in the treatment of progressive paralysis and dorsal dryness in all clinics of the West and our Union, then the use of this method for early syphilis is just beginning to pave its way, being a novelty and the topic of the day.

Professor V. Ya. Rubashkin gives in this book a complete summary of the modern doctrine of blood groups, and for this purpose, in addition to all foreign literature, he also used 114 Russian works (all Ukrainian literature is given). The material he cites is unequal, which, incidentally, is noted by the author himself, who, citing some methods of research and indexes, himself says about them that they did not justify what the authors attribute to them; they mostly do not take into account all blood groups.

Stratmann and P. Uhlenbruck introduced in v. femoralis dogs air and any. EKG was studied with ether anesthesia under the influence of embolism. The authors note that the P wave after embolism increased, sometimes it became negative.

Brack points out that in the well-known opposite to the rarity of fatal pulmonary embolism on hospital sectional material, thrombosis in the dead suddenly outside of hospitals is common.

Undoubtedly, the urgent need has given rise to a new periodic body - "Military Sanitary Delo", which has set itself the goal of serving a wide range of military sanitary workers, and primarily doctors.

Haberland was able to obtain temporary sterilization in many rodent species: by transplanting the ovaries of pregnant animals to sexually mature females, by daily subcutaneous injection for many weeks with extracts from the ovaries and from the corpora lutea of pregnant animals, and by feeding ovarian and corpora lutea extracts, as well as placental extracts for several weeks daily. The author points out the possibility of using these data in women.

The ovaries of guinea pigs, which remained on ice at a temperature below 0 ° C, changed so much that after transplantation they had no endocrine effect. The ovaries, preserved from 1 to 16 days at t 1 ° to 3 ° after transplantation, turned out to be endocrine-active, which is evident from the typical feminization of male guinea pigs with the development of mammary glands leading to lactation.

The female sex hormone gives a true aqueous solution. It is abundant in the urine of pregnant women and pregnant animals. Under certain conditions and in addition to pregnancy, for example, during menopause, urine contains large amounts of this hormone.

Curchod emphasizes the fact that the epithelial lobe of the pituitary gland develops from the ectodermal pharyngeal pocket, therefore the pituitary gland is in relation to the morphological development of the nose and nasal appendages. He describes a case of acromegaly in a 21-year-old woman, 65 kgm weight, 65 inches tall.

A. Wallgren pointing out the lack of sufficient data on the immunizing effect of BCG4 administered per os (according to Calmett'y, the test with tuberculin in these cases is rarely positive) and wishing to investigate the clinical course of vaccination, suggests the introduction of BCG not peros, but iptradermally.

W. Dressier cites two cases of observed abnormalities in the atrioventricular conduction system, in which one of the electrocardiogram gave a positive wave “P” in atrioventricular extrasystoles, and in another case, the Wenckebass period and changes in the shape of the atrial wave.

F.Smithies reviewing Chicago Tuberk material. sanatorium for 1000 beds, reports that 40% of all pulmonary tubes. bb had dyspeptic symptoms. Comprehensively examining 80 bp. with pronounced symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis and tuba. enterocolitis, as well. divides all cases of tuba. ent. PA 3 groups: light, medium, heavy.

D-r F. W. Stein cites a huge literature, from which it is clear that in addition to symptomatic hypotension observed with shock, with large blood loss, with circulatory disorders, with some infectious and endocrine diseases, there is also constitutional or essential hypotension.

He prepared a polyvalent gonovaccine with a strength of 30-50 mln. cocci in 1 cubic meter see and immunized with this vaccine people with negative RW in the blood, starting injections with 0.1 cubic meters. see After several injections, blood was taken from several people and then polyvalent serum was obtained, which was inactivated in a water bath at 56 ° for half an hour.

The author of the book answers this question, nicotine causes vasospasm in all organs and especially in the brain; This spasm may underlie the frequently observed migraines, fainting conditions, aphasia, and other diseases; nicotine poisoning often causes vasomotor angina pectoris, intermittent spasms of the vessels of the abdominal cavity, proceeding under the guise of ileus, spasms of the esophagus, pyloric part of the stomach, intestines; finally, nicotine plays an important role in the development of increased gastric acidity of impotence, intermittent claudication of the extremities, diseases of Bürger'a and Raynaud.