The gradual improvement of the methods of artificial injection was associated with the development of some basic technical conditions that are mandatory for the successful implementation of the injection.

Long before the discovery of the pathogen tbc, botanists used a double color: they stained their preparations with an alkaline or alcoholic solution of methylene blue, and then again with an aqueous solution of Vesuvine. He was also aware of the fact that sometimes, with such a double stain, some parts of the preparation from the plant parenchyma lose their blue color and are colored in the color of Vesuvine.

It has long been known that for the proper functioning of an organism, a connection between individual organs is necessary, that a violation of the functions of individual parts of the organism important for the life can fundamentally undermine its life processes. Since the time of Galen, hypotheses have been created that clarify the mutual dependence between individual parts of the body.

There was a time, about 30 years after the discovery of general anesthesia, when the possibility of late chloroform death was absolutely denied, and even the authority of Casper and Langenbeck, who first described such cases, did not shake this opinion. Only convincing experiments on animals by Bastanelli, Müller and Aubertin and Fraenkel's pathological studies laid the foundation for the doctrine of late chloroform death.

Observation and experience in the study of goiter are of great value not only for the surgeon, but also for the biologist. The goiter was already known to doctors in ancient times, and they treated it in various conservative ways, but only modern pathological and anatomical studies, laboratory experiments and successful surgical intervention resolved this issue scientifically, and the operation for goiter took a strong position among the methods of its treatment, being, on the one hand, it is quite accessible and possible for the broad masses, on the other hand, it is a completely justified biotechnical method, which, according to the huge clinical material available, seems to be the chosen and best one.

In the fall of 1924 prof. M.S. Malinovsky suggested that I begin to determine the pathological chemistry of endocrine glands in some gynecological diseases using the Abderhalden reaction. As is known, from the very beginning Abderhalden himself indicated two methods of producing this reaction: dialysis and optical. But the first of them was soon abandoned by Abderhalden, who found that the casings used in this method give about 30% of the marriage. In addition, the latest research by Lüttge and Merz has shown that the sleeve itself can hold the protein breakdown products, a fact that greatly devalues ​​the entire reaction technique.

It is known that, under normal conditions, urine contains almost no colloidal substances, and their appearance in a more noticeable amount indicates a pathological state of the body. It would therefore be important to have at our disposal a method with which it would be possible to discover these substances not only qualitatively, but also quantitatively.

Over the past two decades, it has already become quite clear to everyone that tbc in children begins at a very early age, at least in the first months of life. True, very insufficient work has been done in this direction, especially if we bear in mind the exceptional importance of the question; however, the view just given about the frequency of tbc in children in the first months of life can be considered generally accepted.

Even during Virchow, - according to the testimony of prof. MI Molchanova, - it was known that syphilitic infection tends to be localized simultaneously in various tissues of the body and, in particular, in the nervous system, it is inclined to simultaneously affect its various parts - both peripheral nerves, and membranes, and the very substance of the brain. Molchanov explains the cases of syphilitic poliomyelitis that he observed without the participation of the spinal membranes by the penetration of the infection by the vascular route, which is consistent with the now dominant view of Sicard about the introduction of the causative agent of syphilis (Spir. Pallida) through the circulatory system into the nervous tissue.

According to Weichardt, protoplasm activation is at the heart of protein therapy. The result of this activation is an increase in the normal functions of various cellular elements, including those that play a protective role in the body's fight against disease-causing agents. If we can associate the origin of complement and protective immunoids with the functional activity of certain cellular elements, then a priori we can expect an increase in these substances in the body juices under the influence of parenteral administration of foreign proteins.

Recently, as the crime technique, as indicated by Florence, has become more sophisticated due to the careful efforts of criminals to hide the traces of their crimes, for example, in the sense of destroying blood stains, forensic medical examination has become more difficult and its nature has changed somewhat. The expert is now led, for the most part, to deal with blood spots of the smallest size, as a result of which he must use methods of research that either do not alter the blood spots at all, or require the smallest quantities of the latter for their production.

In his clinical lecture on visceral syphilis (Kaz. Med. J., 1925, No. 4) prof. R. Luria says: “The possibility of syphilis affecting internal organs was considered universally recognized in the 17th century. However, - such is the power of routine and medical tradition, - the idea of the possibility of visceral syphilis is still not clearly understood, and not only by patients who turn almost exclusively to venereologists about their former infection, but also by the wide masses of doctors. "

Over the past decade, therapeutic nihilism in psychiatry, the consciousness of the complete uselessness of any kind of influence on the painful process, has begun to give way to attempts at active intervention. Our time is especially rich in such attempts, and in the latest books of German psychiatric journals, we find a number of articles on the treatment of psychosis. We will acquaint our readers with the most important of these works.

Prof. V.N.Boldyrev (Bull. Of the Battle-Creek Sanitarium a. Hosp. Clinic., 1925, vol. XX, No. 2), criticizing the classic operation of I.P. Pavlov for isolating a part of the stomach while maintaining innervation, as very difficult , which gives a significant% of animal mortality and does not always guarantee the impermeability of the septum separating the "large" stomach from the "small", and also does not allow taking a more or less significant part of the stomach as an isolated bag, offers its own simplified method of forming an isolated stomach.

Goldscheider (Zeit. F. Die phys. Ther., 1925, Bd. 31) finds that life processes both in a healthy and in a sick organism occur due to the irritation of its cells and therefore depend on the ratio of irritation to reaction.

It has long been known that our anopheles mosquito, Anopheles maculipennis, prefers small reservoirs when laying its eggs, while large lakes and swamps are often free of its larvae and pupae.

The clinic of flexurae lienalis bends was analyzed by Lindenbaum (West Hir. And Burial. Obl., Book 14, 1925) on the basis of his own 9 observations and literature data. The author indicates 4 etiological types: anatomical and embryological (short ligam.phrenico-colici, membranous formations in the area of flexurae lienalis), transverso-ptosis (free and fixed), gastro-transversoptosis (with lengthened and non-lengthened lig. gastro-colicum) and inflammatory (adhesions in the flex area. lienalis).

This operation was proposed and first performed by the American surgeon Weir with the goals of 1) treating diseases of the colon by removing gases through the fistula formed at the same time, 2) artificial feeding of patients and 3) medicinal effect on the mucous membrane of the large intestine in colitis by washing the intestine through the fistula ... Technically, it is very simple: one of the typical incisions of the abdominal wall is made, a vermiform appendix is ​​found through it, a second small hole is made lateral to the incision in the abdominal wall, the apex of the appendix is ​​brought out through it so that no more than 1 sant stands above the skin level. him, sew the end of the process behind its serous cover to the skin and close a large incision.

On the basis of 10 cases of phrenicotomy and analysis of the corresponding literature, Dr. VI Yost (Sar. Vesti. Zdrav., 1925, No. 10-12) finds that this operation, technically very simple and requiring only local anesthesia, is indicated for those purulent processes in the lungs where there is a free exit of pus into the bronchi, however, some closed abscesses, especially those lying close to the chest wall, are also subject to phrenicotomy).

Studying this question experimentally, Parkes and Drummond (Biol. Sciences, vol. 98) came to the following conclusions.

The dependence of the vaginal flora on the general state of the body is established by B. Salomon (Zeit. F. Konst., Bd. 11, 1925), according to whose observations changes in vaginal secretion are in the sense of the appearance of a neutral or even alkaline reaction, an increase in the number of formed elements and a decrease in the degree purity of it - they go parallel to the general process, and sometimes appear before other clinical symptoms, as a result of which they can serve as prognostic signs.

On the basis of anatomical considerations Sellheim (Arch. F. G., Bd. 123) suggests a trace. technique of plastic surgery of the pelvic floor for prolapse.

S. Weiss and Z. Benhovies (Zeit. Fdg exp. Med., Bd. 46, H. 5/6), in contrast to Kylin and others, after intravenous infusion of calcium in humans found a decrease in the sensitivity of the autonomic nervous system to adrenaline.

IM Krukover (Vesti. Rino-lyar-ot., 1925, No. 1) suggests using the measurement of t ° in the nose (under the inferior nasal concha) to diagnose diseases of the paranasal cavities (eg, sinusitis).

Interest in the miadalik problem is growing every year. The question of the physiology and pathology of Waldeyer's ring is a battle question in the programs of congresses of rhinolaryngootiatricians.

General meetings, scientific meetings of Doctors of the Kazan State Institute for the mustache. doctors named after Lenin in Kazan.

Shtark (Novaya Khirurgiya, No. 5, 1925) based on his experience and data on I and II Council of People's Commissars in Odessa for 1923 formulates them in the form of the following provisions.

According to prof. I V Zavadsky (Russian. Clin., 1925, No. 20) slow sepsis shows the surgical removal of the spleen, if the patient has a prolonged fever, enlargement of the spleen and a certain degree of anemia (of course, you must first exclude malaria, typhoid disease, tbc , lues, leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis, leishmaniasis, and Maltese fever). The presence of microbes in the blood is not a contraindication to this operation, which should not be used only in case of obvious significant signs of cardiac decompensation.

From the point of view of the well-known theory of prof. Oppel about the origin of spontaneous gangrene are of great interest in the experimental studies carried out by A. N. Pchelin and A. N. Kabanov (Ozd. Truda and Rev. Byta, issue VII) at the Obukh Institute.

As you know, Dr. Molotkov came, on the basis of some observations, to the assumption that cancer is the result of a disease of the sensory nerves, and therefore cutting the latter should lead to the cure of cancer.

The preventive struggle against the plastoscopy acquired by mankind: in connection with culture and civilization, should be carried out, according to Vreden (Vesti. Khir. And Pogr. Obl., Book 14, 1925), primarily along the line of struggle for normal footwear, which should satisfy the following requirements.

Having studied the effect of the introduction of neosalvarsan into the spinal canal in a number of cases of syphilis of the nervous system, prof. M. S. Margulis and Dr. D. A. Shamburov (Rus. Klin., 1925, No. 20) found that such treatment is indicated where a quick and energetic effect on a specific, mainly meningeal, process is required.

Prof. Leriche (Pr. Br., 1925, 11) gives some of his observations, throwing light on the still dark question of the origin of angina pectoris.

Levin (Vesti. Khir. And Pogr. Obl., Book 14, 1925), making a critical review of existing theories on this topic (congenital, traumatic, degenerative and neurogenic) and dwelling on his own observation of acquired muscle torticollis, which arose on the basis of syringomyelitic lesions the upper cervical spinal cord, tends to the etiological explanation put forward by Golding-Bird, which links the development of caput obstipum musculare with damage to the central nervous system.

Having studied the state of the gonads, thyroid gland and pituitary gland in 53 cases of cancer. V. Krasheninnikov (Br. Delo, 1926, No. 2) came to the conclusion that there is a known predisposition (age, sex, hereditary, racial) to the development of cancerous tumors, which is based on a kind of constitutional anomaly.

Tüdös (J. f. Kinhlkd., 110, H. 1/2) applied this treatment in 19 cases of typhoid fever admitted to the hospital between the 6th and 12th days of illness in a serious condition.

SN Sharavsky (Sovr Psychonevr., 1925, No. 8) performed such treatment in 19 cases of nervous syphilis, among which there were 4 cases. dorsal tabes (3 of them with optic nerve atrophy), 1 case. progressive paralysis, 4 words. basal meningitis, 6 cases. syphilis of the brain (2 of them with epilepsy), 2 cases. spinal syphilis and 2 - syphilitic meningo-myelitis.

Dr. Berlin (Tr. Balyk Inst. On Kavk. Min. Vody, 1925, vol. II) set out to find out the general reaction of the body during mud therapy, citing comparative observations both in resort conditions and outside the resort environment (in the Essentuki branch of the Institute and in the Moscow spa clinic).

The recently deceased Italian physician Pagniello (according to the ref. In "New Franz. Med. And Biol.", 1925, No. 8-9) discovered a new interesting phenomenon that has, apparently, diagnostic value in malaria.

Dr. Verlin (Vopr. Tuberculosis, 1925, No. 5) made an attempt to study the secretory function of the stomach in various forms and phases of development of the tbc process, examining patients with a thin probe.

S. Bühn (Gaz. Lek. 1925, No. 34-35) obtained excellent results from the use of sodium bromide in bleeding. Usually he introduced this agent in a 10% solution, in an amount of 10 cubic meters. sant., into a vein.

Ceccarelli (Ann.ital.di chir., 1924) on 3200 words. did not have a single death directly from anesthesia. Novocaine was always used at a dose of 0.08, and only in old subjects - 0.05. Large wounds and shock contraindicate lumbar anesthesia.

For special works, in view of the fact that the possibility of developing cataracts under the influence of red rays has now been confirmed by Vogt's experiments on animals, special "Wärmschutzbrille" glasses were designed (Lincke, Deut. Opht. Woch., 1925, No. 2) heat rays and completely blocking rays of 700-1500 mm.

Rausch (Zeit. F. Des. Physik. Therap., 1925, Bd. 31) reports on the favorable results obtained by him from the local application of faradic current to the heart.

Prof. György (Doctor. Ob., 1925, No. 11), noting the shortcomings of the clinical diagnosis of rickets, indicates the need to confirm the diagnosis of this disease by X-ray examination and determination of phosphates in the blood.

The enormous importance of mud therapy in gynecological therapy is known. Dr. Volosovich (Tr. Baln. Inst, na Kavk. Min. Waters, 1925, vol. II) recommends, instead of the previously used pelvic mud baths, the use of mud tampons according to the method of prof. AI Lebedev, slightly modified by the author (introduction of dirt using cylindrical mirrors).

Stefansson (Amer. Journ. Of ophth., 1925; according to the ref. In Zentr. F. Ophthalm., 1926, Bd. XV, H. 15) offers for this purpose another operation, the essence of which is the formation of a permanent fistula.

For a long time, for a very long time, it was said that the clue to the doctrine of tbc should be sought in childhood. However, our information on tbc in children was very insufficient, or rather, we did not know anything about the manifestations and course of this disease in children.

The study of blood in patients with tbc lungs convinced EI Kantorovich (Ozd. Truda and Rev. Byta, issue VII) that severe forms of this disease in most cases are accompanied, along with a predominantly degenerative shift to the left according to Schilling, by the presence of toxic active neutrophils , often with the appearance of toxic-degenerative, giant and dwarf neutrophils.