A feature of electrical energy is that it must be produced at a given moment as much as the consumer needs. However, the graphs of energy consumption are very uneven over the time of day. In order to cover peak loads, the highly mobile equipment, which is often less economical, is used. This equipment is operated at partial power modes, where its efficiency is markedly reduced. One of the real ways to get out of this situation can be the use of heat pumps (HP) in circuits with cogeneration units (CU) based on heat engines. In this case, it becomes possible to use the heat engine in an economical mode throughout the day, and direct excess electricity at night to the heat pump drive. The paper considers two options for the operation of a cogeneration plant based on a diesel engine in power supply schemes for an individual consumer under conditions of an uneven electrical load schedule. Wartsila 12V32 is taken as an example of a CU. Such plants are operated in different regions of the Russian Federation. The main data of the CU in the design mode are given. Diesel generator: electric power - 6000 kW, hourly fuel consumption - 1080 kg/h, thermal power - 5240 kW, exhaust gas temperature - 485 °C, effective efficiency - 0,46, fuel heat utilization factor 0,89. In the first version, the CU operates in a standard mode. This ensures the generation of electrical power in accordance with the schedule. In the second version, the CU is used in conjunction with the HP to obtain additional thermal power. Calculations have shown that by including a heat pump in a cogeneration unit operating in an uneven electrical load schedule mode, it is possible to ensure that the diesel engine operates at maximum efficiency during the whole day and to increase the fuel heat utilization rate by 17-20 %.

The existing list of requirements for agricultural tractors to classify them as products manufactured in Russia is considered. An assessment of the impact of the requirements of the Government of the Russian Federation decree on the fulfillment of tasks for the development of the Russian economy was made. It is proposed to stimulate the creation of jobs by setting a threshold value for the level of localization in terms of cost indicator. An assessment of the technological need for agricultural tractors for the primary stimulation of the production of the most scarce equipment was carried out. An approach to motivate the technological development of production and improve the technical level of products of enterprises is proposed. It is indicated that it is necessary to take into account in the methodology the directions of the manufacturer's activity that are important for the agricultural consumer. An improved methodology for assessing the level of localization of production of agricultural mobile energy products is presented. The basic methodology was significantly adjusted with the transition from an arbitrary list of obsolete technological operations to the cost assessment of modern technologies, quantitative accounting of the scarcity of manufactured equipment, the volume of service, the development of R&D works, the operational provision of spare parts, etc. The level of localization, which is sufficient to recognize a specific model as produced in Russia, is calculated as the sum of the shares of the cost of the tractor using a number of reducing factors that take into account the progressive influence of localized production: the scarcity ratio of the manufactured model; the service network coefficient; R&D funding ratio; spare parts warehouse availability factor. The implementation of this methodology contributes to the solution of tasks for the development of the Russian economy: job creation; organization of production of scarce equipment (import substitution); promotion of innovative technologies; maintenance of service; development of research and development work; prompt provision of spare parts.

The development of a modern high-speed, energy-efficient and reliable diesel engine requires high-quality lubrication of all friction parts in general and parts of the cylinder-piston group (CPG) in particular. The relevance of this research is due to the insufficient study of the process of oil jet supply of CPG parts, implemented in combined lubrication systems of modern high-speed four-stroke engines and significantly affecting the processes of friction, wear and scuffing of parts of this group. The analysis of previously performed works in this area has shown the feasibility of not only setting up an experiment, but also using computational modeling in order to increase the informativity of the results obtained. The aim of the study was to determine the coordinates of the point of ejection of the oil jet from the gap of the rotating connecting rod bearing. According to the accepted working hypothesis, the point of ejection of the oil jet was the geometric place of the maximum gap in the connecting rod bearing. To calculate the angular coordinate of this point, we used the method of composing and solving equations of plane motion of a solid body. As a result of the research, an analytical expression of the desired coordinate was obtained and its value was calculated during the working cycle for the conditions of the nominal operating mode of the research object - a high-speed universal air-cooled diesel engine 1CH 8.5/8.0 (TMZ-450D). Ensuring the reliability and increasing the accuracy of the results of the study is confirmed by comparison with the calculated data obtained by the method of classical dynamics of piston engines. The array of calculated values of the coordinate of the oil jet ejection point from the gap of the rotating connecting rod bearing of the diesel engine, defined in this paper, will be used for debugging the developed tool for calculating modeling of the oil jet feed process and subsequent optimization of the conditions of lubrication, friction and wear of CPG parts on this basis.

The successful functioning of agricultural production at the present stage of development presupposes the creation of agro-engineering systems operating on innovative principles. In this set of tasks, the technical support of cereal production has a key place. Post-harvest treatment of grain is of paramount importance, including its pre-purification, namely, separation of grain straw heap. Therefore, the solution of the technical task of modernizing the technical means for separation of grain straw heap is a pressing problem. A wide overview of literary sources devoted to this topic, a comprehensive and thoughtful analysis of inventions made it possible to modernize device at the level of patentability. Proposed modernization of apparatus is achieved due to uniform feed, which provides thin-layer stratification with required orientation of particles moved by conical spreader into formed annular air flow. A distinctive feature of the proposed device is a new form of execution of known structural components, namely, the representation of the feeder in the form of a funnel-shaped hopper with an outlet slot, as well as a ring-shaped dispenser, the design of a conical spreader equipped with straight blades, including receiving chambers made in the form of a design of circular funnel-shaped working chambers. In addition, a characteristic feature of the proposed apparatus is the presence of a device for directing the air flow in the form of a cone. The hopper of a funnel-shaped design with an outlet slot allows to stabilize the movement of the components of the processed material before they arrive at the ring dispenser. Availability of design features of the proposed apparatus ensures realization of technical result at the level of patentability, which provides an increase of productivity, as well as efficiency of extraction of output components from processed material.