The speed and airflow distribution at the exits window of the combing chamber of flax harvester were studied. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of the design of the deseeding combing device on the speed and distribution of the airflow at the outlet of the comb-chamber. Standard metric technique was used to detect the average air speed by examining the field of airflows. In the experiment, the serial and new designed deseeding devices were installed on an laboratory facility that allows modeling the processes of combing of flax stems and heaping. The experiment was carried out at a drum rotation frequency of 230, 280 and 330 min-1. Mathematical processing of the data was carried out with «Stadia»© and «MS Excel»© programs. The graphs of airflows’ distribution at the outlet of comb chamber are presented. Obtained equations shows regressions of the speed of the airflow from the speed of the combing drum. It is concluded that the airflow over the cross-sectional area at outlet of window in deseeding device is unequal. The highest flow rate occurs in the upper and left parts of the window. It is established that the change in the design of the stripper device has practically no effect on the average speed of the air flow. Speed of the combing devices in rate of 275...285 min-1. have been recommended to use as an optimal one.

In the arid conditions of the southern regions of Russia the cultivated crops experience a lack of moisture. At the same time, the agrotechnical cultivation of the soil becomes important. In a fractured porous massif of the treated soil, there is a loss of moisture from the depth of the reservoir during physical evaporation. Physical evaporation of moisture in dry conditions leads to a drying soil degradation. When loosening only the surface layers, pseudo-scaling of the lower part of the treated layer may occur, leading to hydrolysis degradation of the chernozem soil. Objective: to determine the basic requirements for agrotechnically appropriate technological process of tillage in dry conditions and working bodies for its implementation. The development of the technological process of tillage in dry conditions of the south of Russia should be based on the principles of moisture accumulation inside the reservoir due to the use of thermal diffusion processes. The temperature difference between the layers of the soil inside the reservoir moves the heat flow, contributing to the emergence of the process of thermal diffusion of moisture. To do this, tillage must be done differentially with varying degrees of compaction in layers. During the layer-by-layer processing of the soil inside the reservoir, a moisture accumulating layer is formed due to the combination of both types of heat exchange: insolation and radiation. At a depth of 10-15 cm the flow of moisture available to the root system of crops intersect. This process is carried out by a unified design, developed by the method of the basic unit with common and replaceable parts (subsystems). The combination of subsystems is implemented constructively on a single carrier system according to a certain allocation principle, taking into account the duration of relaxation of the internal stresses of the reservoir, which is 0,09-0,11 s for the black-earth soil in arid conditions. The distance in the longitudinal direction between the subsystem blocks should be at least 0,2 m. In this case, the structures of the working bodies are developed on the basis of the interrelation of the parameters and modes of operation with the physical and mechanical properties of the soil.

The subject of the research is a screw conveyor-distributor of grain with an empty hole along its casing. This design eliminates the need for leveling the grain mound, moving the conveyor or using a rotary tray to evenly distribute the unloaded grain. The purpose of the study is to find the dependence of the width of the outlet hole on the parameters of the conveyor-distributor. A laboratory installation was made and studies were conducted on the expiration of wheat grain through a drain hole of various widths. Laboratory installation is a container made of plastic rectangular pipe open at the top. The transverse membranes are inserted at an equal distance into it. They divide the entire capacity along its length compartments. In the bottom of the pipe, a hole in the form of a slot of constant width is made. Eruptive hole is closed from the bottom of the side retractable flap. Under the discharge opening, trays were installed, each under its own compartment, into which the grain is poured. Having removed the valve, with the help of time-lapse videotape, the time was taken during which the grain was completely poured through the empty hole. An experiment with different width of the outlet holes and with different mass of grain in the compartments was conducted. The width of the hole was changed from 7 to 13 mm. It has been established that under conditions of limited height of the grain column above the hole, the flow rate through the drain hole does not depend on the height of the grain column above the hole. The dependence of a single grain flow on the width of an outlet is constructed. When the width of the outlet hole is 7 mm the outflow of grain does not occur. An expression is obtained that describes the shape of the outlet hole, depending on the design-mode parameters of the screw conveyor. A graph showing the shape of the outlet hole with the given design-mode parameters of the screw conveyor was constructed.

Violation of the technical condition of the transmission and running systems leads to operational and economic costs, violation of the technical indicators of mobile power tools laid down by the manufacturer. It also has a negative impact on the environment. At present, only a few domestic and foreign companies have equipped the equipment they produce with digital systems for monitoring the technical condition of power transmissions and running systems, and even then by one or several parameters. These are systems that measure the level of wheel slippage of the tractor, the temperature and pressure in the tires, the angle of inclination of the tractor, as well as the systems that control the optimality of the conversion of engine power to tractive force. The main mass of tractors has no control system during operation and diagnostics of components and assemblies of the transmission and chassis systems is carried out by the tractor operator «by eye», based on his experience and fairness. This often leads to serious violations and equipment operates in modes and loads close to failure. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce into the design of modern technology integrated system for monitoring the state of power transmission and running systems, based on the use of digital technologies. As an experiment, a prototype model of such a control system was developed, including various sensors, both embedded and external, the hardware of the Arduino microcontroller platform, as well as widely available applications for the smartphone, allowing to measure and display on the screen the necessary information about the current state of the units and components. The smartphone is supposed to be mounted in the cab of the tractor. The prototype was tested and can be considered successful. Therefore, in the future it is planned to expand its functionality and add elements.

Technologies for the care of berry plantations involve the use of manual labor for tillage between the bushes of plants. The lack of mechanized soil care between plant bushes stops many farmers from planting new plantations. The purpose of the research is to improve the layout of the working tool for loosening the soil in the rows of berry crops. An experimental setup with a device for inter-waste tillage was developed and tested at the institute. It was found that the asymmetric working body with a radius of rotation of the teeth loosening more than 0,5 m practically does not work. The minimum and economically feasible radius of rotation of the loosening teeth located at the same distance from each other on the arc of the circle of the asymmetric working tool is justified. The dependence of the loop width of the elongated cycloid and the length of the soil tillage area on the distance between the plant bushes in the rows of berry crops to determine the required number of loosening teeth is presented. The scheme of the improved working tool in the form of a rotating asymmetric circular sector with loosening teeth located on the arc of the circular sector is presented. An expression defining the angular measure of the circular sector is obtained.

During combine harvesting of cabbage, products are transported from the field to the vegetable store mainly in the body of the vehicle in bulk or in containers. In the first case in the place where vegetable vehicles are unloaded manually, and in the second case - using a forklift. At the same time, vehicles are significantly idle while unloading vegetables, especially in the first case. In this regard, in order to assess the quality of service of vehicles, the process of unloading them is modeled using the queuing theory. The essence of the occurring phenomena is described and the indicators of the quality of functioning of the vehicle maintenance system in the vegetable storehouse during the delivery of products in bulk and in containers are calculated, and recommendations on its rational organization are formulated. Taking into account the rational organization of the vehicle servicing system on unloading, their required quantity in the considered cases is justified.