The remarkable dates of publication of two works of genius have induced this article: 260 anniversary of the dissertation of Mikhail Lomonosov “Reflections on the cause of heat and cold” (1744) as well as 180 anniversary of the memory of Sadi Carnot “Reflections on a motive power of fire and on machines apt to develop this power” (1824); both works became the basis of classical thermodynamics.
Serving the needs of mankind is a continuous role of the HR since its outset. The presentation details in a first chapter the history of the HR and its major contributions in the context of health and well being of society. It then gives an overview of the most significant activities of the HR today and finally highlights major achievements for the refrigeration sector and the challenges for the future.
A possibility of use of low-temperature Stirling machines (KGM) for development of nitrogen cooling closed systems which are the alternative to straight-flow nitrogen systems is considered. The advantages of closed systems based on KGM Stirling are their independence, long operation time, low weight and dimensions. These systems can be used for thermostatting of the objects, for elimination of losses during storage of oil products and cryogenic liquids, in construction for production of high- quality concrete.
Grasso is one of the largest manufacturers of compressor units and refrigerating machines based on screw and piston compressors.
LLC PTF "Kriotek" is a leading Russian manufacturer of refrigeration equipment and a developer of complex projects of refrigeration units. The brain of each refrigeration unit is the control panel.
Over the past two years, the consumption of controlled ozone-depleting substances widely used in refrigeration, listed in Group I of Annex C to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, has increased in the domestic market of Russia - hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) R21, R22, R141 b and R142b , which is due to the following main reasons: a significant reduction in the stocks of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) RI 1, R12, R13, R113, created by the time the production of these substances was completely closed on the territory of the Russian Federation in accordance with government decree No. 1000 of December 20, 2000.
On November 19-21, 2003, under the auspices of the Gesgortekhnadzor of Russia, the All-Russian Scientific and Technical Conference “Main trends in the development of refrigeration equipment at processing enterprises and trade enterprises” was held in Moscow. Issues related to the implementation of the requirements of the Safety Rules for ammonia refrigeration units. It was attended by representatives of enterprises and firms producing and operating ACS, research, design organizations and universities.
The State Institute "Giprokholod" has a license of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia No. 00-DE-000437 for the right to conduct an industrial safety review of project documentation for the construction, expansion, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, conservation and liquidation of a hazardous production facility related to ammonia refrigeration units (ACU).
Numerous publications about the apparatus "Multiplaz-2500", which until now appeared in various publications, were of a popular scientific nature.
The monograph deals with modern refrigerants and refrigeration oils, as well as issues of operation and maintenance of refrigeration systems related to the use of refrigerants and oils.