The international application of the BeiDou navigation satellite system(BDS) is a new requirement for BDS development in the new development stage, it is also significant for promoting the high-quality development of the Belt and Road, establishing a new development pattern that features domestic and international dual circulations, and promoting global sharing of BDS development achievements. This study explores the internationalization demand for BDS application, the development status and trend of global navigation satellite systems, and analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, and challenges of BDS internationalization. Moreover, the implications of BDS internationalization are proposed, comprising BDS image, service, application product, and business operation internationalization. The development objectives and specific indicators of BDS internationalization is also clarified. Furthermore, to promote the international application of the BDS, we propose the following suggestions: establishing an overall coordination management mechanism, strengthening product service and supply capabilities, building a multi-level enterprise system, improving the level of international cooperation, increasing the fiscal, taxation, and financial support, coordinating domestic rule of law and that concerning foreign affairs, and encouraging international application and promotion.

The period before 2035 is critical for China to realize socialist modernization. The high-quality development of its energy industry must consider basic national conditions and development stages. Moreover, promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of the energy industry while guaranteeing a stable energy supply is the prerequisite for ensuring the sustainable economic and social development. This study summarized the current status of China's energy development from six aspects: energy capacity, energy structure, comprehensive energy efficiency, energy science and technology, system and mechanism, and energy security. The key issues of energy development were analyzed, focusing on the role of coal for guaranteeing energy security, replacement of traditional energies with renewable energies for incremental energy consumption, sustainable supply of oil and gas, independent development of nuclear power, and large-scale development of the hydrogen energy industry. Four stages were proposed for the energy revolution and carbon reduction in China by 2035. Furthermore, we suggest that energy conservation should be prioritized in all aspects, clean and efficient use of coal should be promoted, renewable energies should be the major source of future energy increment, and low-carbon transformation should be accelerated to create an energy system that features multi-energy complementation.

A good water ecological environment is crucial for the sustainable development and ecological civilization of China. However, various problems remain for China's water ecological environment, including eutrophication, pollution of drinking water sources, contamination of groundwater and coastal waters, emerging pollutants, and shortage of ecological water. In this study, we analyzed the overall situation of the water ecological environment in China, pinpointed the major challenges, and proposed the strategic thinking and several basic principles. These principles focus on improving the water ecological environment and comprehensively consider water quality improvement, water ecological protection, and water environmental risk prevention and control. Three major scientific and technological projects were proposed pertaining to (1) coordinated governance and overall restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasses, and sand in key basins, (2) overall improvement of water environment and water ecology in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Collaborative Development Area, and (3) assurance of drinking water safety in the new era. Furthermore, we proposed the following four countermeasures: (1) revising the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water to strengthen its leading role in the construction of water ecological civilization in China; (2) evaluating the spatial and temporal differences of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in China's lakes and implementing differentiated nutrients standards; (3) assessing the current status of water ecology in China and promoting water ecology monitoring and assessment; and (4) establishing an intelligent supervision platform for drinking water safety based on big data fusion.

Critical minerals and materials are fundamental to national economy, national defense construction, and residents’ lives; therefore, it is of great significance to ensure the stability of their supply chain. This study associates mineral resources with thematerial industry and analyzes the strategic needs and development status of China’s key minerals and their raw material industries from the perspective of the entire industrial chain including resource exploration, mining, smelting, material processing, manufacturing, and product recycling. Moreover, problems are summarized including blocked industrial chain; insufficient supply of key minerals at the resource end; high energy consumption and excessive scale at the smelting end; insufficient support capacity, inadequate innovation ability, and weak industrial foundation at the material end; and lagging development at the recycling end. Focusing on exploration, mining, and basic raw material preparation, a three-step goal by 2035 is proposed, and technological development priorities are summarized from the aspects of mining, smelting, and basic raw materials. Furthermore, we propose suggestions for the high-quality development of China’s key minerals and material industry supply chain, including promoting the supply guarantee capacity of domestic mineral resources, improving the technical competitiveness of new materials, and unblocking the resource–smelting–material–recycling industrial chain.

High-quality manufacturing is an innovative model that supports quality transformation and increases high-quality supply, and it is crucial for upgrading China’s manufacturing industry. Studying the technology system and development strategy for highquality manufacturing is significant for boosting China’s manufacturing sector. In this study, we first identify the problems regarding the manufacturing quality development in China and examine the key issues through a four-in-one framework that integrates supply side, demand side, government supervision, and quality infrastructure. Subsequently, we explore the connotation and characteristics of highquality manufacturing, establish a technology system that covers the entire process of design, production, operation, and maintenance, and propose several countermeasures. Our study shows that China’s manufacturing quality still suffers from low quality efficiency, limited international influence of manufacturing brands, and difficulty in quality upgrade of the industrial chain. The technology system we proposed is comprised of quality infrastructure, quality generic technologies, lifecycle quality control technologies, and resource elements. Furthermore, we suggest that China should strengthen the construction of high-quality manufacturing standards system, accelerate the upgrading of industrial chain quality, innovate the quality development mechanism, improve the supply capacity of quality resource elements, achieve breakthroughs in new technologies, and consolidate the quality infrastructure.

The low-carbon transformation of power sector is significant for achieving the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China. Based on the evaluation of power carbon budget, three power transformation scenarios of deep low-carbon, zero carbon, and negative carbon were built, the key boundary conditions such as power consumption demand were studied, and a path planning optimization model was established in the paper. Using the GESP-V software package for optimized analysis, the low-carbon transformation paths were determined for power structure, power carbon emissions, and power supply costs under different scenarios. The major issues that are critical for the low-carbon transformation of the power system were discussed, including coal power development, renewable energy development and utilization, diversified supply of clean energy, and electric power balance. Several suggestions were further proposed. Specifically, the top-level design should be strengthened to steadily plan the transformation pace, major low-carbon technologies should be developed to coordinate the overall technology and industrial layout, and the market mechanism with balanced interests should be improved while establishing a green finance policy system. The high-quality low-carbon transformation of China’s power sector in the medium and long term can be promoted through the coordination of policies, technologies, and mechanisms.

Smart agriculture is an important component of high-quality agricultural development and the overall rural revitalization in China. Research on smart agriculture strategy is significant for developing a medium- and long-term scientific and technological layout and clarifying the development ideas and direction of smart agriculture in China. Against the background of rural revitalization, this study summarizes the macro demand of high-quality agricultural development for smart agricultural science and technologies; it also analyzes the strategic conception, strategic tasks, and development route of China’s smart agriculture development toward 2035. Conclusions show that developing smart agriculture helps address the low quality and efficiency and weak competitiveness of China’s agriculture sector. Furthermore, to achieve the replacements of human power with machines and human brains with computers, and promote the independent technological competitiveness of China’s agricultural sector, an industrial technology system for the smart agriculture that integrates biotechnology, information technology, and intelligent equipment should be established; and smart agriculture should be promoted in a staged manner considering different business entities and industrial needs. Specifically, China should strengthen the top-level design, promote technological research, establish a differentiated subsidy echanism, integrate industry and village, and encourage applied talent training.

The standards system for supporting high-quality development is based on the development concept of “innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing” and supports the all-round, high-quality development of China’s economy, society, and ecology. Conducting strategic research on this standards system plays a basic and leading role in promoting economic development, ecological environment quality, and social governance level, and is significant for meeting people’s needs for a better life. In this article, we analyze the concept of high-quality development as well as the connotation and characteristics of the standards system for supporting high-quality development, and study the difference between the high-quality development standards system and existing systems. Moreover, this study presents the main directions and implementation paths for the standards system by 2025 and 2035, focusing on agriculture, manufacturing, services, social governance, ecological civilization, and other key areas. Furthermore, we propose corresponding countermeasures in aspects of top level design, standardization policies, standardization capability improvement, and standardization personnel training, hoping to provide references for the development of the aforementioned key areas and for the decision making of relevant government departments.

Cyberspace strategic early-warning is a monitoring and warning system that is established by a country or group for early detection, tracking, identification, and notification of incoming major cyber attacks or the spreading destruction of powerful viruses. It’s an important component of a national security defense system. The implementation of the national cyber development strategy in China requires high attentions to the construction of a cyberspace strategic early-warning system. This study analyzes the major characteristics and basic requirements of strategic early-warning in cyberspace, and studies four major warning styles: security vulnerabilities, security threats, intrusion attacks, and abnormal behaviors warning. It also emphasizes four key projects, namely cyberspace surveying and mapping system, vulnerability collection and early-warning platform, threat intelligence perception and push system, as well as security monitoring and comprehensive early-warning system, after summarizing the construction of strategic earlywarning and monitoring systems in cyberspace in China and abroad. To promote the strategic early-warning system in cyberspace, we propose several countermeasures and suggestions, including strengthening high-level coordination, focusing on multi-source data integration, establishing professional early-warning agencies, conducting regular security assessments, and implementing threat and early-warning grading mechanisms.

The coordinated development of energy, economic society, and ecological environment has always been one of the major issues facing China. Although achievements have been made in some regions in China regarding the coordinated development, varied contradictions and problems still exist. Therefore, China should consider these significant differences in regional development while promoting energy revolution. This study elaborates the significance of regional energy revolution and analyzes the current status of economic society, energy, and ecological environment in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, old industrial bases, the central region, energy-rich areas, and the Southwest in China. To promote the regional energy revolution, China should strengthen the top-level design for energy revolution and clarify the strategic objectives and key tasks for medium- and long-term development. A mode of well-planned and coordinated development should be established by clarifying the functions of regional energy revolution. The pilots of regional energy revolution should be promoted, thus to explore an efficient mechanism for the energy revolution. Moreover, the responsibilities of the regional governments should be clarified and an assessment and supervision mechanism should be established, so as to ensure that the regional energy revolution achieves expected effects.