2008年, 第10卷, 第4期 刊出日期:2024-07-01
    

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  • 钱光人
    2008, 10(4): 2-10.
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    Many minerals in nature have the self-purification capacity to hold and stabilize deleterious contaminants into their lattice structures, which can be used for treatment of heavy metals-bearing contaminants. Hydrotalcite Layer Double Hydroxide (LDH), tobemorite Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH) and apatite are ubiquitous minerals in nature, having higher geochemical stability and potential for binding and stabilizing heavy metals. Based on the elucidation of crystal structure property and self-purification principles of the three minerals above, this article discussed how to design the self-purification system of heavy metal-bearing contaminants.
  • 卢耀如,张凤娥
    2008, 10(4): 4-10.
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    硫酸盐岩和碳酸盐岩常共同分布,以往多是分别研究其岩溶发育。文章主要从自然条件上研究两者复合岩溶发育的机理,探讨了化学岩溶作用过程和生物岩溶作用的机理。复合岩溶中,陷落柱是很重要的一个特征。文章也探索了复合岩溶作用中,有关岩溶地下水的水质情况。

  • 王福良
    2008, 10(4): 11-16.
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    In this paper, the separation of arsenopyrite from chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena with organic depressants (guergum and sodium humic) was discussed, and the functioning mechanism of those organic depressants discussed. The experimental results of monomineral flotation indicated that both guergum and sodium humic have depressing effect on arsenopyrite in the presence of ethyl xanthate. Guergum and sodium humic showed different depressing ability to pyrite, chalcopyrite and galena, and the higher the pH-vualue in pulp, the stronger the depressing ability. Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometric study showed that the adsorption layer of xanthate on surface of minerals had been desorbed by the two organic depressants, and the selective desorption of the collector layer was found from different minerals. The xanthate cover on minerals surface was set free when dosage of the organic depressants was high enough. For artificially-mixed minerals, the separation of arsenopyrite from other sulphides was successfully realized by controlling dosage of the organic depressants. And sodium humic had been used successfully to decrease arsenic content in sulphide concentrates in a commercial Lead-Zinc concentrator.
  • 熊康宁,肖时珍,刘子琦,陈品冬
    2008, 10(4): 17-28.
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    从地质地貌特征与演化历史方面,结合世界遗产第viii条评价标准,将“中国南方喀斯特”第一批三个遗产地置于全球视角进行对比研究,揭示其全球显著价值:云南石林形成演化历史最复杂,石柱的形态最丰富,代表一种独特的石林形成演化机制;荔波锥状喀斯特锥峰单体最典型,地貌组合形态最丰富,代表典型的锥状喀斯特地貌特征,反映出大陆热带—亚热带锥状喀斯特的地质演化模式与过程;武隆峡谷喀斯特完整地展示了整个峡谷喀斯特发育演化系统,例证了正在进行的新构造运动背景下峡谷喀斯特系统的演化过程。因此,第一批遗产地代表中国南方喀斯特地区自古生代以来长期、多期演化历史;代表地球热带 —亚热带典型的锥状、石林和峡谷喀斯特地貌特征、形成演化机制及正在进行的地质过程;代表地球三大喀斯特片区之最大片区的独特的自然地理特征。

  • 文泽军
    2008, 10(4): 25-30.
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    Based on features of dimension variation propagation in multi-station assembly processes, a new quality evaluation model of assembly processes is established. Firstly, the error source of multi-station assembly system is analyzed, the relationship of dimension variation propagation in multi-station assembly processes is studied and the state equation for variation propagation is constructed too. Then, the feature parameters which influence variation propagation and accumulation in multi-station assembly processes are found to evaluate quality characteristic of the assembly system. Through the derivation of equation on dimension variation propagation, station coefficient matrices which are combined and conversed to determine the max eigenvalue are educed. The max eigenvalue is multiplied by the weight coefficient to establish the quality evaluation model in multi-station assembly processes. Furthermore, assembly variation indexes are proposed to judge of the assembly technology process. Finally, through the practical example, the application of the model and assembly variation indexes are presented.
  • 朱颖,蒋良文,屈科,李光辉,曹化平
    2008, 10(4): 29-37.
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    我国西南地区处于青藏高原周边地带,位于印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞带东侧附近,地质构造十分复杂,地质灾害严重。结合宝成、贵昆、成昆、襄渝、南昆、内昆、渝怀等西南复杂地质艰险山区重要干线铁路的勘察设计、施工和运营,总结概括了西南铁路地质灾害的基本情况,并较系统地介绍了几种主要地质灾害的铁路地质勘察和工程防治技术经验。

  • 刘何清
    2008, 10(4): 31-35.
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    论文提出了适合高温深井矿井建设期间的降温系统型式和降温设备类型,并提出了弥补风筒自压缩温升和传热温升的辅助降温措施;该降温系统及降温设备具有:能提供3℃低温冷冻水,通风阻力小,能净化风流,处理温差、焓差大,施工工期短,新增投资小等优点。针对赵楼矿地温及气象条件设计的降温系统,喷水室平均处理温差可达19.5℃-23.8℃,平均处理焓差可达48.4kj/kg-60.7kj/kg。同时根据实测结果总结得出了一系列可用于矿井建设期间降温系统设计及设备选择的基础数据;并利用MatLAB分析软件回归得出了喷水室喷水温度与风机出口送风温度之间、风筒温升与风机出口送风温度之间、工作面温度与送风温度之间的变化关系,以便供类似条件的矿井降温所借鉴。
  • 张凌燕,卜俊芬
    2008, 10(4): 36-39.
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    In light of characteristic of low quality feldspar ores in Wanzai Jiangxi province, steel ball was taken as grinding medium,and selective grinding could make impurity separate from feldspar effectively. Through the flow of flotation-desliming-high gradient magnetic separation,the feldspar Concentration 1 was obtained with the yield of 70.19%,containing Fe2O3 0.17% and TiO2 0.07%. The feldspar Concentrate 1 could meet the quality requirement of high-grade construction ceramic. And the slime that was deslimed in the flow was also separated and recovered; the feldspar Concentration 2 was obtained with the yield of 13.18%, containing Fe2O3 0.31% and TiO2 0.17%. The feldspar Concentrate 2 can be used for raw material of low-end ceramic. And gangue, with the yield of 16.63%, was thrown away in this flow, the separating efficiency was high. Employing this flow could also bring high economy benefit and low influence of pollution to environment.
  • 高宗军
    2008, 10(4): 38-43.
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    山东省泰安—莱芜地区自20世纪70年代中期开始就陆续由于岩溶水的排除而出现严重的地面塌陷,属于隐伏灰岩区岩溶地面塌陷,给当地社会和经济发展带来了巨大危害。总结归纳了该地区岩溶地面塌陷的时空分布特征,论述了其产生的地质条件和人为诱发因素,探讨了岩溶地面塌陷的形成机理,并针对存在的问题探索了其成因模式,最后给出了今后该类研究的思路。

  • 罗勇
    2008, 10(4): 40-45.
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    Based on blasting demolition of high thin-wall hyperbolic reinforced concrete cool tower, by virtue of engineering practice of blasting the tube concrete structures, the analysis and research were made on the mechanism of cool tower collapse through selecting blasting parameters and selecting gap form, gap size and gap angle. The cool tower was twisted, collapsed directionally and broken well according to the design requirements. The expected results and purposes of blasting were obtained with no back-blow, total blasted pile approximates to 4~5m height, no occurrence of flying stones and no damage to fixed buildings and equipments, the large-sized hyperbolic thin-wall reinforced concrete cool towers are twisted during blasting and it collapses well with good breaking. The test and measurement of blasting vibrating velocity was carried out during blasting and the measuring results are much less than critical values specified by safety regulations for blasting. The study shows that gap form, gap size and gap angle are the key factors to cool tower collapse and will give beneficial references to related theoretical study and field application.
  • 欧阳晓平
    2008, 10(4): 44-55.
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    脉冲辐射探测是探知核反应过程特征信息的主要途径之一,是核反应过程特性研究、核装置设计、运行、监测与控制不可或缺的技术手段。由核探测器、探测方法和应用技术等构成的脉冲辐射场探测技术,已成为科学研究、核技术应用、核材料分析、裂变/聚变研究和天体物理等相关核科学研究的必备技术元素。文章介绍了我国发展的瞬态核裂变、核聚变反应过程释放的脉冲中子、伽马混合辐射场探测系统和测量技术。

  • 常少莉
    2008, 10(4): 46-48.
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    With science and technology development, vibration testing as the most important item in reliability test is becoming more and more important, at the same time, vibrate condition becoming more and more complicated, the phenomenon increases that the output of controller goes beyond controlling range so that destroy the specimen. In this paper, some skills such as how to set the parameters of force controller, where to place the sensor, which material to be chosen and which skills to be used while making jigs where introduced to avoid the just matter. At last, soem examples were given to prove the validity of the method proposed.
  • 王硕,杨善林,马溪骏
    2008, 10(4): 49-52.
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    Multidimensional grey relation projection value can be synthesized as one-dimensional projection value by using projection pursuit model. The larger the projection value is, the better the model. Thus, according to the projection value, the best one can be chosen from the model aggregation. Because projection pursuit modeling based on accelerating genetic algorithm can simplify the implementation procedure of the projection pursuit technique and overcome its complex calculation as well as the difficulty in implementing its program, a new method can be obtained for choosing the best grey relation projection model based on the projection pursuit technique.
  • 薛涛
    2008, 10(4): 53-59.
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    苏通大桥斜拉桥主跨跨径为1088m,370个高精度应力监测点的全过程实测数据表明,在钢箱梁吊装施工过程中,主梁应力处于复杂的波动状态,日照辐射、温度变化和风等气象因素对钢箱梁应力变化具有重要影响。利用小波去噪方法对有代表性测点的应力数据进行信噪分离,结合实时气象观测资料,针对不同的气象条件,采用分层剥离法确定日照辐射等气象因素产生的应力响应,从而基本剥离气象因素对主梁应力的影响,建立钢箱梁吊装、焊接、一次张拉、桥面吊机前移和二次张拉过程中的主梁应力时程曲线,为钢箱梁调位和斜拉索张拉施工控制提供了准确、可靠的应力数据。
  • 陈秀方,金守华,曾华亮
    2008, 10(4): 56-59.
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    轨道不平顺是车辆振动的主要激扰源,也是限制列车最高运行速度的主要因素之一,直接关系到列车运行的平稳性、安全性和舒适性。文章以秦沈客运专线轨检车实测轨道不平顺数据为统计样本,基于样本平稳性检验,采用FFT方法进行样本空间的谱估计,并由MATLAB编程得到轨道不平顺谱密度。基于轨道不平顺样本的总体平均,得出了谱密度频率平滑曲线和谱密度曲线拟合表达式,并与我国重载提速干线的谱密度曲线进行了对比分析。在此基础上,对秦沈客运专线的轨道状态进行了评估。

  • 刘三军
    2008, 10(4): 60-63.
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    Fine bauxite flotation concentrate precipitated slowly, which significantly limited the capacity of the concentration plant. An effective disposal method was the addition of the flocculants to enhance the sedimentation capability of the concentrate. The sedimentation behaviors of bauxite flotation concentrates were investigated at different pH value and flocculate dosage. The effects of three types of flocculants (cationic, anionic and non-ionic polyacrylamide flocculants) as well as the molecular weight of anionic flocculants on the sedimentation of concentrate were studied. It is shown from the experimental results that at the pH 7.0, best sedimentation capability was reached when anionic polyacrylamide flocculant (molecular weight 14 million) was added; the optimal dosage was 30 g/t.
  • 赵万里
    2008, 10(4): 64-70.
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    In order to get thermal flow field of direct air-cooled system, the hot water was supplied to the direct air-cooled condenser. The PIV experiments were carried out to get thermal flow field of a direct air-cooled system under different conditions in low velocity wind tunnel, at the same time, the recirculation ratio at cooling tower was measured, so the relationship between flow field characteristic and recirculation ratio of cooling tower can be discussed, from the results we can see that: the flow field configuration fore-and-aft cooling tower has great effects on average recirculation ratio under cooling tower. The eddy formed fore-and-aft cooling tower is a key reason that recirculation produces. The eddy intensity relates to velocity magnitude and direction angle, the configuration of eddy lies on the geometry size of cooling tower. So changing the flow field configuration fore-and-aft cooling tower reasonably can decrease recirculation ratio under cooling tower, and heat dispel effect of ACC can also be improved.
  • 傅杰,吴华杰,刘阳春
    2008, 10(4): 65-72.
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    根据钢的综合强化理论,控制A1附近温度下钢中碳的析出,研究了HSLC钢的强化与软化问题。结果表明:薄板坯连铸连轧HSLC钢,强度还可进一步提高;通过回火缓冷,薄板坯连铸连轧HSLC钢ZJ330的σs从344 MPa降至225 MPa,能满足冷轧基板要求。讨论了有关铁素体轧制、超细晶粒钢以及一种可能的新型建筑材料等问题。

  • 张利珍
    2008, 10(4): 71-74.
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    本文采用不同的方法验证了相对厚度对机翼气动特性的影响。首先进行机翼风洞试验;然后用数值仿真的方法进行计算,进一步验证了数值方法能够有效的用来评价机翼的气动特性;还将试验结果用经验公式校核,证实了其有效性。这些方法得到的结果一致证实产生升力的因素不是单纯的相对厚度,而是迎角、翼型相对弯度以及中弧线。在迎角为零时,由于零升力主要由机翼中弧线决定,相对厚度对升力几乎没有影响。在此研究基础上,可以改变外界环境条件(如含尘大气或湿空气环境),用数值仿真来评定不同环境中机翼的气动特性。
  • 张进之,赵厚信,王喆,王保罗
    2008, 10(4): 73-77.
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    连轧张力公式是连轧理论和实践的核心问题,该问题国内外都有大量的研究,20世纪60年代笔者推导了连轧张力微分方程、多机架动态张力公式、稳态张力公式,理论上已作过深入、广泛的分析讨论。日本在20世纪70年代对连轧张力公式进行了理论上的推导和实验验证,特别是浅川基男等人的连轧实验结果更为重要。为此引用了浅川基男的实验数据和宝钢2 050 mm热连轧机上的实测数据,验证了连轧张力公式。

  • 吴亮
    2008, 10(4): 75-79.
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    在水利水电工程施工中,经常会遇到爆破开挖对混凝土衬砌的影响,尤其是新浇混凝土衬砌结构。新浇筑混凝土内部随机分布很多微裂隙,这些裂纹在爆破冲击荷载作用下容易扩展连通,特别是衬砌混凝土与基岩粘结面裂纹扩展更应引起注意。本文在考虑混凝土龄期的基础上,对混凝土与岩石粘结面裂纹的动态应力强度因子进行了计算,找出了不同应力波入射角度对裂纹扩展机理的影响。在应力波的垂直入射情况下,混凝土粘结面裂纹扩展主要是应力波在自由面反射形成拉伸应力,致使衬砌混凝土粘结面裂纹拉裂。在应力波的水平入射情况下,混凝土粘结面裂纹扩展形式受混凝土龄期影响。随着混凝土龄期的增加,混凝土与岩石的弹性模量差值逐渐减小,裂纹由剪切破坏变为受压缩张开破坏。
  • 张小平,朱建林,唐华平,张炳根,柳莎莎
    2008, 10(4): 78-83.
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    对传统矩阵变换器存在电压传输比低的缺陷进行研究,提出一种新型的称为Cuk矩阵变换器的电路拓扑结构。介绍了该拓扑结构的基本构成及其工作原理,推导了其电压传输比与占空比之间函数关系的解析表达式,阐述了所采用的双闭环控制策略的基本设计方法,并通过仿真对其有效性和可行性进行了验证。结果表明:该拓扑结构能实现输出电压和频率的任意调节,其电压传输比可大于1,也可小于1,且直接输出标准的正弦波而无需滤波环节,有效地解决了传统矩阵变换器电压传输比低的难题,具有一定的应用价值。

  • 吴伟巍
    2008, 10(4): 80-86.
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    The past decade has witnessed a rapid development of the international construction market. This research aims to investigate top Chinese contractors’ developmental tracks and evaluate their strategic selection of international construction markets over the period from 2001 to 2006, based on the modified Boston Consulting Group Matrix (BCG). Results indicate that Asia and Africa, currently “question marks” markets for top Chinese contractors (abbreviated as TCCs), have the most potential to become “stars” markets; other question marks markets such as the Middle East and Europe are found not to be of potential; “dogs” markets such as the U.S., Canada and Latin America should be relinquished progressively unless there is renewed growth opportunity over the next two years. Compared to developmental tracks of top contractors from some advanced countries, TCCs’ investment and development strategy in Africa seems to be sustainable and intensive; TCCs’ exit strategy for the Middle East appears determined and swift, while their strategy in Asia seems to be lacking in persistence. This research sheds important lights and insights into the prevailing process of internationalization of TCCs and provides a strategic direction for their selection of international construction market. What is more, this research is also valuable to other Chinese contractors who are seeking the opportunity to enter the international construction markets.
  • 杨炳儒,秦奕青,宋泽锋
    2008, 10(4): 84-89.
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    针对目前动态数据挖掘中存在的问题,提出基于数据增量的动态挖掘进程概念;在动态挖掘进程和生物免疫进化过程的相似性基础上,提出了知识发现中的免疫进化机制的基本内涵;给出了基于免疫进化机制的时序模式挖掘算法及其实验分析,以验证理论的正确性和有效性。

  • 刘辉
    2008, 10(4): 87-91.
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    分段射孔是一种常用的水平井射孔工艺。由于多个射孔段的存在,使得水平井每个射孔段的产能预测变得十分复杂。用Fourier正弦变换、势的叠加原理、三角函数变换、渐进分析求解了圆形封闭地层水平井三维拟稳态渗流问题,得到了水平井的均匀流量产量模型。通过与直井产能对比,求得水平井稳态当量井径,再利用压降叠加原理建立了分段射孔水平井产能计算方法。研究表明,水平井垂向位置影响当量井径;分段射孔时,相同射孔长度下,端部(趾端,跟端)产量最大,而中部井段产量最小;多个射孔段同时投产时,射孔长度对射孔段产量的影响较射孔间距大。此方法可以用于确定水平井射孔段分段产量。
  • 曹杰,曹国,何建敏
    2008, 10(4): 90-96.
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    以平衡记分卡(BSC)为基础,从BSC的财务、客户、内部经营过程以及学习与成长等方面,设计了连锁经营企业的绩效考核指标体系与模糊综合评判模型,克服了传统评价体系的不足,有利于从成长的角度全面评价连锁企业绩效。

  • 宾光富
    2008, 10(4): 92-96.
    In this paper, a monitoring and controlling system for the safety in production and environmental parameters of a small and medium-sized coal mine has been developed after analyzing the current domestic coal production and security conditions. The client computer can convert the analog signal about the safety in production and environmental parameters detected from the monitoring terminal into digital signal, and then, send the signal to the coal mine safety monitoring centre. This information can be analyzed, judged, and diagnosed by the monitoring-management-controlling software for helping the manager and technical workers to control the actual underground production and security situations. The system has many advantages including high reliability, better performance of real-time monitoring, faster data communicating and good practicability, and it can effectively prevent the occurrence of safety incidents in coal mines.