2009年, 第11卷, 第4期 刊出日期:2024-06-28
    

  • 全选
  • Zhou Yongmao
    2009, 11(4): 2-21.
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    BNCT is finally becoming “a new option against cancer”. The difficulties for its development progress of that firstly is to improve the performance of boron compounds, secondly, it is the requirements of quantification and accuracy upon radiation dosimetry evaluation in clinical trials. Furthermore, that is long anticipation on hospital base neutron sources. It includes dedicated new NCT reactor, accelerator based neutron sources, and isotope source facilities. In addition to reactors, so far, the technology of other types of sources for clinical trials is not yet completely proven. The In-Hospital Neutron Irradiator specially designed for NCT, based on the MNSR successfully developed by China, can be installed inside or near the hospital and operated directly by doctors. The Irradiator has two neutron beams for respective treatment of the shallow and deep tumors. It is expected to initiate operation in the end of this year. It would provide a safe, low cost, and effective treatment tool for the NCT routine application in near future.
  • 杜祥琬
    2009, 11(4): 4-8.
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    回顾了近年特别是2008年中国在信息、能源、制造业及探索宏观、微观世界等领域所取得的重大科学技术进步和工程创新成就;指出了严重自然灾害对科学技术和工程的检验与启示;提出了我国工程科技界值得思考的几个问题,展望了未来我国工程技术的创新使命。

  • 王淀佐,姚国成
    2009, 11(4): 9-13.
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    介绍了中国古代的矿物加工技术,包括早期的石器和陶瓦制作,中国先民使用矿物制作器件,古代铁矿的矿冶加工利用,古代的湿法提铜,古代重选淘洗技术的使用和记述,古代的浮选技术,古代铜、铁矿冶生产规模等;也简要阐述了近现代中国选矿工业的兴起与科技发展,总结归纳了现代矿物加工科学技术的创新成就。

  • 姚穆
    2009, 11(4): 14-16.
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    为适应节能、减排、节水、降耗的要求,近年来纺织用表面活性剂有了较大创新发展。介绍了表面活性剂的主要用途与类别,并就其在染色、印花、脱胶、浆料中的应用进行了举例分析。

  • 赵传山,唐杰斌,陈克复,于冬梅,吴朝军
    2009, 11(4): 17-20.
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    根据制浆造纸各个工艺的特点,详细介绍了制浆造纸工艺中所用到的表面活性剂,深入探讨了表面活性剂在制浆造纸中的作用效果和作用机理,最后提出了制浆造纸用表面活性剂的发展趋势。

  • 王宏莹,李干佐,郑利强,李辉, 朱长德,宋景泉
    2009, 11(4): 21-25.
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    应用有自主权的天然羧酸盐及其改性产品为主要表面活性剂,通过表面活性剂相互作用参数βm测定,确定复配的非离子表面活性剂。然后测定复配表面活性剂∕水∕柴油拟三元相图。从中得到3种廉价高效的-10#柴油微乳剂,其中包括少量的燃烧促进剂、十六烷值改进剂和消烟剂。经台架试验,平均节油率为20 %,NOx排放量下降20 %,每吨乳化柴油节省500元左右。

  • Cai Shanyu
    2009, 11(4): 22-34.
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    Near fifty years history of the development of radioisotope neutron sources in China is briefly reviewed. The structure design, preparing technology and production status of routine neutron sources including 210Po-Be source, 210Po mock fission source, 241Am-Be source, 238Pu-Be source, 252Cf spontaneous fission source and other special-shape neutron sources are summarized. In addition, the prospects of development on radioisotope neutron source in China are predicted from the needs of nuclear power construction, oil well-logging, neutron moisture gauges and neutron brachytherapy.
  • 韩双艳,任昌琼,林影
    2009, 11(4): 26-30.
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    生物表面活性剂主要由微生物发酵和酶催化下合成,具有表面活性剂基本结构与性质的物质,其除了具有化学表面活性剂的特点外,还具有生物兼容性高、安全无毒性、可被生物降解、不会对环境造成不利影响等优点。随着环保意识的增强和食品安全级别的提高,生物表面活性剂开始应用于食品、医药、化妆品、洗涤剂和石油化工等领域,研究开发各种高效、低成本的生物表面活性剂生产技术成为生物化工的研究热点。

  • 龚英,陈武勇,成康
    2009, 11(4): 31-35.
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    介绍了表面活性剂在制革准备工段和染色工序中的作用;论述了溶剂介质皮革染色技术的研究现状及其具有高染料竭用率等优势;应加强皮革软化工序中表面活性剂作用的进一步研究的必要性。

  • Zhang Feng, Yuan Chao, Wang Xinguang, Huang Longji
    2009, 11(4): 35-44.
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  • 高楠,张春华,张宗俭
    2009, 11(4): 36-38.
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    对绿色表面活性剂在农药加工中的应用进行了简要介绍,对应用脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐(AES)、α-烯基磺酸盐(AOS)、烷基糖苷(APG)的农药制剂进行了开发,并与传统表面活性剂进行比较,提出此类表面活性剂在农药加工中的应用对于环境保护具有重要意义。

  • 王宏建,李靖,刘和光,张升伟
    2009, 11(4): 39-45.
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    风云三号(FY-3)湿度仪天线接收各种目标的微波辐射能量,因此天线好坏对整个微波湿度仪系统性能及应用影响极大。FY-3湿度仪天线具有高增益、低噪声和高的波束效率,采用偏馈抛物面天线形式,天线频率分别达到150 GHz和183 GHz,是目前国内有效载荷的最高频率,其成功研制填补了我国航天微波遥感的空白,也使我国航天器天线技术进入一个新的领域、实现了一次较大的技术跨越。文章从天线的系统工作模式、组成、设计要点、关键技术及验证等方面阐述该天线子系统的技术设计与创新。

  • Zhao Jingwu, Liu Shengkang, Zhang Zhiping
    2009, 11(4): 45-50.
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    According to measuring mode (in-hopper, surface, transmitted and scattered neutron moisture gauge), this paper introduced the development and application of neutron moisture gauge in China since 1970s.
  • 王占江,蔡宗义,郑学锋,朱玉荣
    2009, 11(4): 46-49.
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    为研究水中爆炸对围岩的增耦,在一个直径1.6 m的水泥砂浆半球体装置上,将其中心预留的直径0.3 m的腔室内注水和置入水泥砂浆芯体,对比性地进行了一系列的1.00 g TNT (2,4,6—三硝基甲苯)当量的填实和空腔爆炸实验。水泥砂浆球表运动测量数据表明,与水泥砂浆中的空腔解耦相比,水中空腔爆炸的解耦效果较差,尤其水腔中爆炸可大大增强爆炸能量的耦合。可以推断,水下爆炸会明显增强围岩中的爆炸应力波强度,近水域中的空中爆炸也可能会增强围岩中的爆炸能耦合,因而相对于围岩和堤坝中同距离、同药量的爆炸来讲,所引起

  • 郑维山,邓青,刘朝霞,时龙兴
    2009, 11(4): 50-56.
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    在CMOS单元电路自动优化中提出了一个新的设计方法。此方法采用符号分析技术自动生成描述电路性能的精确解析方程,进而将性能符号方程作为遗传优化算法中的评价电路性能的准则。对于固定拓扑的电路,遗传优化算法通过寻优过程产生满足性能约束的电路设计参数集,从而实现设计者所希望的设计目标。实际电路的优化结果表明此方法能较好地满足性能要求,同时所需的设计时间较短,从而说明该方法是一个具有灵活性和可靠性的设计方法。

  • Lei Xin, Xu Xiaochun
    2009, 11(4): 51-60.
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    The 252Cf neutron brachytherapy devices were designed and manufactured after solving those problems: the shield difficulties for 252Cf neutron; the method and facilities for 252Cf neutron source deliver; the dose calculation and measurement for 252Cf neutron. From 1999-2009, more than twenty 252Cf neutron brachytherapy devices had been installed in China. The Chinese radiation oncologists implemented the 252Cf neutron brachytherapy on more than 5 000 different kinds of cancer patients, including cervix cancer; endometrium cancer and achieved ideal results. For special presentation, they had breakthrough on radical treatment for low lying rectal adenocarcinoma with sphincter preservation and melanoma patients after the modification of 252Cf neutron intracavitary applicator and dose calibration.
  • 孙玉坤,张好明
    2009, 11(4): 57-62.
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    混合动力汽车电机要求高效、高功率密度、低脉动转矩,普通电机显示出了其局限性;Halbach电机是一种新型永磁电机:独特的永磁体结构使其磁极磁场呈单边且正弦分布,在增加气隙磁通密度、削弱转子轭部磁通密度的同时,又可减少磁场谐波,这有利于提高电机的功率密度和效率、减小电机的体积和脉动转矩;基于MATLAB的Halbach电机设计软件和基于ANSYS有限元分析软件极大地减少了样机设计时间;针对Halbach电机特点设计了基于DSP2407A混合动力汽车全数字电力驱动系统,实验结果证明Halbach电机在混合动力

  • Liu Yupu, Qiu Chunhua
    2009, 11(4): 61-67.
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    This paper discussed the importance of the delayed neutron detection system. We improved the delayed neutron detection station and delayed neutron detector, so the noise was greatly decreased and the detection efficiency was greatly increased. After the improvement the stability of the detector was enhanced and the false alarm was eliminated. We introduced the principle of the gas lift pump designed for the sodium cooled fast reactor. A calculation model of the failed fuel detection system of CEFR was proposed, and from the model a code using LabWindows/CVI was developed. The minimum broken area that could be detected by the delayed neutron detection system of CEFR was calculated and the delayed neutron detection signal in a few representative transient conditions during fuel failure happened was stimulated.
  • 林鹏,王长利,李焰,刘文祥,王等旺
    2009, 11(4): 63-66.
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    在单级轻气炮上对聚酯材料的激波状态方程进行了实验研究。最高撞击速度为526 m/s,相应在靶中得到的最高撞击压力为2.14 GPa。压力测试采用锰铜计,PVDF产生的压电信号用于判读激波速度。由实验结果拟合得到了聚酯材料的Hugoniot线性关系和多项式状态方程以及Grüneisen状态方程。

  • 裴明敬,胡华权,张景森,于琴,刘瑜,陈立强
    2009, 11(4): 67-75.
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    主要阐述含铝温压炸药配方的基本组成及在不同环境条件下的能量释放效率、爆炸火球及冲击波的形成过程等。通过测试含铝温压炸药在氧气、空气和氩气环境中的燃烧热值,研究不同环境对其爆炸能量释放效率的影响及其使用范围;通过测试爆炸火球和冲击波的成长过程、火球温度和高温火球持续的时间分析含铝温压炸药爆炸机理和破坏效能。结果表明,以超细片状铝粉为主要原料的含铝温压炸药在有氧环境中爆炸的能量释放效率和能量释放速率均较高,其有效破坏效能为较强的爆炸冲击波和持续的高温火球,大大延展温压炸药的综合破坏效能。

  • Tang Bin, Mo Dawei, Huo Heyong, Wu Yang, Liu Bin , Sun Yong
    2009, 11(4): 68-75.
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    Neutron radiography is one of radiography ray non-destructive testing. It is a valuable complementary of X and γ rays radiography. This paper briefly describes the history of neutron radiography in China, and introduces the status of neutron radiography facilities and their development in China.
  • 杨炳儒
    2009, 11(4): 76-83.
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    系统地总结与提出知识发现(KD)领域中当今面临的五类重大问题,它们是KD中的两大核心问题、两大猜想问题、主流发展中富有挑战性的问题、应用研究中的相关领域重大问题以及KD技术标准的制定问题,并给出其部分成果或具体分析。这五类问题密切相关,对它们的研究必将KD推向新的发展阶段,并在该领域内外产生深刻的影响。

  • Zou Yubin, Guo Zhiyu, Tang Guoyou, Mo Dawei
    2009, 11(4): 83-85.
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    Neutron imaging techniques were investigated at Peking University based on a 4.5 MV Van de Graaff accelerator. The thermal neutron radiography, fast neutron radiography and fast neutron resonance radiography were tested. The low neutron flux limits the image quality. A new radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator based neutron source with a yield of 1012 n/s is being set up.
  • 邱水金,姜少飞 ,柴国钟,鲁聪达
    2009, 11(4): 84-90.
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    对截面形状为s-3的加强筋进行工艺参数优化分析,讨论了气辅成型工艺参数对成型质量的影响程度,获得了一组较好的工艺参数组合。以此为参考标准,改变某一个工艺参数而保持其他工艺参数不变,对比研究4种不同截面形状加强筋在气辅成型条件下的成型情况,并考察了单个工艺参数对成型质量的影响趋势情况。

  • Ke Guotu, Shen Feng, Zhao Shouzhi, Zhang Weiguo, Yuan Luzheng
    2009, 11(4): 86-94.
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    The current status and development history of domestic and abroad Research Reactors (RRs) are mentioned. The representative RRs and their respective technology characteristics are introduced. The utilizations of China’s RRs, mainly included as nuclear engineering technology, basic research applications of nuclear technology, teaching and personnel training, are explained.
  • 戴巨川, 吴新开,文丽
    2009, 11(4): 91-95.
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    在感应电机直接转矩控制(DTC)调速系统中,常规PID速度调节器在电机受到扰动的情况下,需要花费较长时间才能使电机恢复到稳态值。为此,将一种新型的自抗扰控制器(ADRC)引入感应电机直接转矩控制调速系统中,设计速度ADRC调节器代替PID调节器,基于模型参考自适应控制(MRAS)方法设计速度观测器。对比分析了PID与ADRC两种方案下无速度传感器直接转矩控制交流调速系统性能。仿真试验结果表明,采用ADRC后,系统动态响应更快,抗扰动能力更强,在电机参数摄动的情况下,电机运行速度与指令速度偏差更小。

  • Qiao Chenyang, Sun Zhiyong, Ke Guotu, Lu Cungang, Shen Feng, Chen Huiqiang
    2009, 11(4): 95-100.
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    The research and development history of silicon Neutron Transmutation Doping (NTD) technology and its applications at home and abroad are introduced in this paper. The advantages of NTD, compared with conventional technology of doping, are narrated. The principle of NTD as well as the implementation of the main procedures related to Si NTD is explained. The market demand tendency is prospected, and the advanced measures on NTD quality control are described.
  • Tian Weizhi
    2009, 11(4): 101-122.
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    The history, the major achievements in both methodology and applications, the current trends and future perspectives of neutron activation analysis (NAA) in China are briefly described.
  • Mao Xiaoming, Qin Xijiu, Ding Hu, Xue Zhaoqun,Wen Shengjun
    2009, 11(4): 123-136.
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    As a main channel for the foreign economic cooperation of China nuclear industry, China Zhongyuan Engineering Corporation (CZEC) has been constantly engaged in technical modifications and management innovations in its exporting nuclear reactor projects. In the implementation of heavy water research reactor contract in Algeria, CZEC had established a complete and adequate design standards system in compliance with the international standards, and made significant modifications to the reference reactor in the aspects of reactor power and reactor safety, solved quite some technical issues which affected the reactor technical performance. The modifications and improvements enabled the technical parameters, safety features, reactor multipurpose application to attain to the advanced level in the world. In the 300MWe PWR NPPs in Pakistan, safety features had been updated in line with upgrading regulatory requisites. The design philosophy and technology application demonstrated CZEC’s creation and innovation on basis of constant safety enhancement of nuclear power projects. Efforts had also been made by CZEC in promoting China made equipment items and components exportation.