The Qinba Mountain Area is a concentrated poverty-stricken area and an important place concerning ecological security. Thus, the green and circular development of this region is critical for the ecological civilization construction and overall poverty alleviation in China. This study aims to explore a green and circular development path for the Qinba Mountain Area and provide engineering support for green and innovative development and poverty alleviation in this region. By using inductive and deductive methods, this study introduces the ecological and strategic values of the Qinba Mountain Area and analyzes the challenges faced by ecological protection and regional coordination in this region. It further clarifies the general strategy and overall positioning of the green and circular development in this region, and proposes four specific paths, including an ecological protection path based on national parks, an industrial development path based on transformation and optimization, a space construction path based on ecological capacity, and a regional coordination path based on the win–win principle. We hope that this practice can play a demonstrative role in solving regional contradictions between ecology and poverty and in safeguarding social and ecological securities.