The endoscope and instruments for minimally invasive neurosurgery

Abstract

The advent of neuroendoscopy catalyzed the ongoing development of minimally invasive neurosurgery in the 1990s. This millennium has seen rapid developments in the design of scopes, improved high-definition visualization systems, and a plethora of dedicated instruments. Many minimally invasive and endoscopic procedures have become the new “standard of care” today. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and endonasal pituitary surgeries have replaced alternative techniques in most major institutes in the world and the indications are rapidly increasing to tackle many midline skullbase, intraventricular, and some parenchymal lesions as well. The scope of minimally invasive neurosurgery has extended to spine surgery, peripheral nerve surgery, and unique indications, viz. craniosynostosis repair. This review describes many of these developments over the years, evaluates current scenario, and tries to give a glimpse of the “not so distant” future.

Keywords

Hydrocephalus / endonasal endoscopic approach / minimally invasive neurosurgery / minimally invasive spine surgery / neuroendoscopy / skullbase / ventricular surgery

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