比较三种稳定剂对FeS纳米颗粒的稳定效果及对水土中镉的固定与去除性能的影响

Comparing three stabilizers for stabilizing FeS nanoparticles: Performance and effects on immobilization of cadmium in water and soil

摘要

本研究评估了三种多糖稳定剂(羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)、羧甲基淀粉钠(CMS)和一种水溶性淀粉) 用于稳定FeS 纳米颗粒的有效性,并测试了相应稳定化纳米颗粒在水和土壤中固定Cd²⁺的性能。使用 0.010 wt% CMC、0.025 wt% CMS 或0.065 wt%淀粉可获得完全稳定的FeS 纳米颗粒(100 mg/L FeS)。 CMC-FeS 表现出较高的zeta 负电位,淀粉-FeS 保持中性,而CMS-FeS 则表现出中等负电位。CMCFeS 对Cd²⁺的吸附速率最快,吸附容量也最高。当用100 mg/L CMC-FeS 或CMS-FeS 处理一种含Cd 土 壤(58.3 mg/kg Cd)后,Cd 的TCLP 浸出率分别降低了88.4%和68.0%。CMC-FeS 和CMS-FeS 均可在模 型土壤中运移,显示出其在土壤中原位固定Cd²⁺方面的潜力。土壤穿透曲线实验表明,CMC-FeS 在 4.5 个孔体积,CMS-FeS 在约25 个孔体积处几乎完全穿透。柱实验结果表明,当用55 个孔体积的 CMC-FeS 或CMS-FeS 悬浮液(100 mg/L)处理该含Cd 土壤后,Cd 的水浸出率分别降低了98.2% 和 98.0%。根据目标污染物、材料在土壤中的传输特性和材料成本,可找到这三种稳定剂在土壤修复中 的最佳应用。

Abstract

In this study, we evaluated effectiveness of three polysaccharide stabilizers (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS), and a water-soluble starch) for stabilizing FeS nanoparticles, and tested the stabilized nanoparticles for immobilization of Cd²⁺ in water and soil. Fully stabilized FeS nanoparticles (100 mg/L FeS) were obtained using 0.010 wt% CMC, 0.025 wt% CMS, or 0.065 wt% starch. CMC-FeS showed a highly negative zeta potential, starch-FeS remained neutral, whereas CMS-FeS displayed a moderately negative potential. CMC-FeS showed the fastest sorption rate and highest sorption capacity for Cd²⁺. When a Cd-laden soil (58.3 mg/kg Cd) was amended with 100 mg/L CMC-FeS or CMS-FeS, the TCLP-leachable Cd was reduced by 88.4% and 68.0%, respectively. Both CMC-FeS and CMS-FeS were transportable through a model soil and showed high potential for in-situ immobilization of Cd²⁺ in soil. Nearly complete breakthrough occurred at 4.5 pore volumes (PVs) for CMC-FeS and about 25 PVs for CMS-FeS. When the Cd-laden soil was treated with 55 PVs of CMC-FeS and CMS-FeS suspensions (100 mg/L), the water-leachable soluble Cd was reduced by 98.2% and 98.0%, respectively. The three stabilizers may find their best uses in soil remediation according to the target contaminants, transport properties in soil, and material cost.

Keywords

iron sulfide nanoparticle / stabilizer / heavy metal / contaminant immobilization / soil remediation / groundwater contamination

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