Counter-regulatory phosphatases TNAP and NPP1 temporally regulate tooth root cementogenesis

Abstract

The timing and site of action of two key enzymes help regulate the formation of cementum, one of the mineralized substances of teeth. An international team led by Brian Foster from the US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases considered the roles of two enzymes — tissue non-specific phosphatase (TNAP) and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) — in cementum development. They showed in mice that early TNAP expression created a particular environment in teeth with low levels of pyrophosphate, a mineral inhibitor. This promoted the creation of a type of cementum that does not incorporate cells into its structure. Later on in development, the expression of NPP1 boosted levels of pyrophosphate, which restricted this type of cementum. These enzymes had little effect on cementum containing cells. The researchers confirmed these patterns in extracted human teeth.

Keywords

cementum / bone / ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 / periodontal ligament / progressive ankylosis protein / tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase

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