Evolutionary dynamics of the polyphenol oxidase gene family across plant lineages from algae to angiosperms

Yanru Song , Kangkang Song , Boyuan Liu , Jingyu Wang , Haozhen Li , Qingqing Yan , Weiguang Zhang , Yiying Qi , Long Yang

Horticulture Research ›› 2026, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (6) : 51

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Horticulture Research ›› 2026, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (6) :51 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhag051
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Evolutionary dynamics of the polyphenol oxidase gene family across plant lineages from algae to angiosperms
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Yanru Song, Kangkang Song, Boyuan Liu, Jingyu Wang, Haozhen Li, Qingqing Yan, Weiguang Zhang, Yiying Qi, Long Yang. Evolutionary dynamics of the polyphenol oxidase gene family across plant lineages from algae to angiosperms. Horticulture Research, 2026, 13 (6) : 51 DOI:10.1093/hr/uhag051

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Abbreviations

DD, dispersed duplication; NtPPO1, Nta03g28080; NtPPO2, Nta03g28100; NtPPO3, Nta04g22740; NtPPO4, Nta06g30520; NtPPO5, Nta15g17370; NtPPO6, Nta15g17450; NtPPO7, Nta16g13930; NtPPO8, Nta16g13960; NtPPO9, Nta16g14050; NtPPO10, Nta16g14130; NtPPO11, Nta19g09130; NtPPO12, Nta19g09140; NtPPO13, Nta24g03870; PD, proximal duplication; PPO, polyphenol oxidase; TD, tandem duplication; WGD, whole-genome duplication

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Foundation of Innovation Team Project for Modern Agricultural Industrious Technology System of Shandong Province (SDAIT-25-01). And we thank Supercomputing Center in Shandong Agricultural University for technical support.

Author contributions

L.Y. conceived the project and was responsible for the initiation. L.Y., Y.S., and Y.Q. supervised and managed the project and research. Data generation and collection were led by L.Y., Y.S., K.S., B.L., J.W., Q.Y., H.L., and W.Z. Bioinformatics analysis was led by Y.S. The manuscript was organized, written and revised by L.Y., Y.S., and Y.Q. All authors read and revised the manuscript.

Data availability

The species information selected for this study is available at http://biodb.com.cn/PPO_Supplementary_Table/.

Conflicts of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

References

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