Apple RGL2a–JAZ4–MYC2 module orchestrates anthocyanin biosynthesis by regulating MYB1 and ERF3 expression

Xiao-Wei Zhang; Baoyou Liu; Rui-Rui Xu; Lei Zhao; Yuepeng Han; Jian-Ping An

doi:10.1093/hr/uhag006

Horticulture Research ›› 2026, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (4) :6 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhag006

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Apple RGL2a–JAZ4–MYC2 module orchestrates anthocyanin biosynthesis by regulating MYB1 and ERF3 expression

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Xiao-Wei Zhang, Baoyou Liu, Rui-Rui Xu, Lei Zhao, Yuepeng Han, Jian-Ping An. Apple RGL2a–JAZ4–MYC2 module orchestrates anthocyanin biosynthesis by regulating MYB1 and ERF3 expression. Horticulture Research, 2026, 13 (4) : 6 DOI:10.1093/hr/uhag006

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by grants from the Taishan Scholars Program (tsqn202312147), Natural Science Foundation of China (32302516; 32572995), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2024MC214), Chinese Academy of Sciences Talent Project (E5299903), and Hubei Talent Project (E4399901).

Author contributions

Jian-Ping An conceived and designed the experiments. Xiao-Wei Zhang, Baoyou Liu, Rui-Rui Xu, and Lei Zhao performed the research. Jian-Ping An and Yuepeng Han analyzed the data. Xiao-Wei Zhang wrote the paper.

Data availability

All data are available within the manuscript and the supporting materials in the figshare database (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30827474).

Conflicts of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

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[1]	An JP, Xu RR, Wang XN, et al. MdbHLH162 connects the gibberellin and jasmonic acid signals to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple. J Integr Plant Biol. 2024; 66: 265-84.

[2]	Li HL, Xu RR, Guo XL, et al. The MdNAC72-MdABI5 module acts as an interface integrating jasmonic acid and gibberellin signals and undergoes ubiquitination-dependent degradation regulated by MdSINA2 in apple. New Phytol. 2024; 243: 997-1016.

[3]	Ji XL, Zhao LL, Liu B, et al. MdZFP7 integrates JA and GA signals via interaction with MdJAZ2 and MdRGL3a in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis and undergoes degradation by the E3 ubiquitin ligase MdBRG3. J Integr Plant Biol. 2025; 67: 1339-63.

[4]	Li T, Xu Y, Zhang L, et al. The jasmonate-activated transcription factor MdMYC2 regulates ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR and ethylene biosynthetic genes to promote ethylene biosynthesis during apple fruit ripening. Plant Cell. 2017; 29: 1316-34.

[5]	An JP, Wang XF, Li YY, et al. EIN3-LIKE1, MYB1, and ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR3 act in a regulatory loop that synergistically modulates ethylene biosynthesis and anthocyanin accumulation. Plant Physiol. 2018; 178: 808-23.