Metabolome profiling and transcriptome analysis unveiling the crucial role of magnesium transport system for magnesium homeostasis in tea plants

Abstract

Magnesium (Mg²⁺) is a crucial nutrient for the growth and development of Camellia sinensis and is closely related to the quality of tea. However, the underlying mechanisms responding to low-Mg²⁺ stress in tea plants remain largely unknown. In this study, photosynthetic parameters, metabolomics, and transcriptomics were utilized to explore the potential effects of low Mg²⁺ on the growth and metabolism of C. sinensis. Low-Mg²⁺ treatment increased the ratio of shoot dry weight to root dry weight but decreased the photosynthesis of C. sinensis. Forty and thirty metabolites were impacted by Mg²⁺ shortage in C. sinensis shoots and roots, respectively. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed the possible reasons for the decreased contents of chlorophyll and catechins and the increased theanine content in C. sinensis roots. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicated that the Mg²⁺ transport system was essential in the regulation of Mg²⁺ homeostasis in C. sinensis, in which CsMGT5 was identified to be the key regulator according to CsMGT5-overexpressing and complementary assays in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, silencing of CsMGT5 in vivo reduced the content of chlorophyll in C. sinensis shoots. In addition, CsMGT5 might collaborate with ammonium transporters to keep the amino acid content steady, suggesting its potential application for tea quality improvement. All these findings demonstrate the key roles of CsMGTs for Mg²⁺ homeostasis in C. sinensis, providing a theoretical basis for Mg²⁺ efficient utilization in plants.

Acknowledgements

We thank Professor Keitaro Tanoi (The University of Tokyo) and Professor Volker Knoop (University of Bonn) for providing the atmrs2-4 mutant. This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32272765), the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2023AFB877), the Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Shuguang Project (2023020201020348), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662023PY022).

Author contributions

M.W. designed the experiments. J.L. participated in all experiments and was responsible for the analysis of metabolome and transcriptome data. T.W. helped with the collection of samples. R.Z. assisted in the metabolomics experiments. X.H. lent a hand with the determination of photosynthetic physiological characteristic parameters. J.L. and M.W. wrote the manuscript. F.G., H.Z., P.W., Y.W., D.N., and M.W. revised the manuscript.

Data availability

All relevant data in this study are provided in the article and its supplementary files.

Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Supplementary data

Supplementary data are available at Horticulture Research online.

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