Multi-omic dissection of the cold resistance traits of white water lily

Abstract

The white water lily ( Nymphaea candida ), exemplifying nature’s resilience, thrives in the high-altitude terrains of Xinjiang, China, serving as an ideal model for investigating cold adaptation mechanisms in aquatic plants. This study meticulously elucidates the complex cold adaptation mechanisms of the white water lily through a comprehensive and integrated methodological approach. We discovered that the water lily undergoes ecodormancy in winter, retaining high cellular viability and growth potential. During overwintering, the white water lily demonstrates effective resource reallocation, a process facilitated by morphological adjustments, thereby strengthening its resistance to cold temperatures. This enhancement is achieved particularly through the compartmentalization of large vacuoles, the accumulation of osmoregulatory substances, and an increased antioxidant capacity. We established the first exhaustive full-length transcriptome for the white water lily. A subsequent comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome, phytohormones, and metabolome uncovered a multifaceted regulatory network orchestrating cold adaptation. Our research spotlights phytohormone signaling, amino acid metabolism, and circadian rhythms as key elements in the water lily’s defense against cold. The results emphasize the critical role of nitrogen metabolism, especially amino acid-related pathways, during cold stress. Metabolite profiling revealed the importance of compounds like myo-inositol and L-proline in enhancing cold tolerance. Remarkably, our study demonstrates that the white water lily notably diminishes the utilization of unsaturated fatty acids in its temperature regulation strategies. In conclusion, this research substantially enriches our understanding of the white water lily’s intricate cold adaptation mechanisms, offering new perspectives on the adaptive strategies of aquatic plants and potential applications in agricultural advancement.

Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. U2003113; U1803104; 31971710); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2505BSHJJ); A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

Data availability statement

The raw sequencing data that support the findings of this study have been deposited into CNGB Sequence Archive (CNSA) of China National GeneBank DataBase (CNGBdb) with project accession number CNP0005037.

Conflict of interests

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data is available at Horticulture Research online.

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