Exploring N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) modification in tree species: opportunities and challenges

Abstract

N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) in eukaryotes is the most common and widespread internal modification in mRNA. The modification regulates mRNA stability, translation efficiency, and splicing, thereby fine-tuning gene regulation. In plants, m⁶A is dynamic and critical for various growth stages, embryonic development, morphogenesis, flowering, stress response, crop yield, and biomass. Although recent high-throughput sequencing approaches have enabled the rapid identification of m⁶A modification sites, the site-specific mechanism of this modification remains unclear in trees. In this review, we discuss the functional significance of m⁶A in trees under different stress conditions and discuss recent advancements in the quantification of m⁶A. Quantitative and functional insights into the dynamic aspect of m⁶A modification could assist researchers in engineering tree crops for better productivity and resistance to various stress conditions.

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable time and insightful comments, which greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. We apologize to those whose original work(s) could not be included in this review owing to space limitations.

Preparation of this review was supported by a grant from the National Key Research & Development Program of China (2021YFD2200503-01), a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071848), a grant from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20231289), the Jiangxi ‘Shuangqian’ Program (S2019DQKJ2030), the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Nanjing Forestry University (JC2019004), the Project for Groundbreaking Achievements of Nanjing Forestry University (202211), and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions. The authors are also grateful for the Young Foreign Talent Program (QN2022014012L) and the support of Metasequoia Faculty Research Start-up Funding (163100028) at the Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, for the first author, M.R. K.S.R. is supported by the Dean of Faculty Fellowship, the Koshland Prize, and a Sir Charles Clore Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Weizmann Institute.

Author contributions

M.R., K.S.R., Q.W., and S.M. planned, designed and wrote the review. M.R., K.S.R., Q.W., and M.Z. outlined and edited the review. M.R., S.M., and K.S.R. drew the images. M.R. and Q.W. made the tables. M.R., K.S.R., M.Z., A.S., Z.A., S.R., and Q.W. edited and revised the review.

Data availability

No additional data were generated or are associated with this article.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Supplementary data

Supplementary data is available at Horticulture Research online.

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