SlWRKY30 and SlWRKY81 synergistically modulate tomato immunity to Ralstonia solanacearum by directly regulating SlPR-STH2

Abstract

Bacterial wilt is a devastating disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum that severely threatens tomato production. Group III WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are implicated in the plant response to pathogen infection; however, their roles in the response of tomato to R. solanacearum infection (RSI) remain largely unexplored. Here, we report the crucial role of SlWRKY30, a group III SlWRKY TF, in the regulation of tomato response to RSI. SlWRKY30 was strongly induced by RSI. SlWRKY30 overexpression reduced tomato susceptibility to RSI, and also increased H₂O₂ accumulation and cell necrosis, suggesting that SlWRKY30 positively regulates tomato resistance to RSI. RNA sequencing and reverse transcription–quantitative PCR revealed that SlWRKY30 overexpression significantly upregulated pathogenesis-related protein (SlPR-STH2) genes SlPR-STH2a, SlPR-STH2b, SlPR-STH2c, and SlPR-STH2d (hereafter SlPR-STH2a/ b/ c/ d) in tomato, and these SlPR-STH2 genes were directly targeted by SlWRKY30. Moreover, four group III WRKY proteins (SlWRKY52, SlWRKY59, SlWRKY80, and SlWRKY81) interacted with SlWRKY30, and SlWRKY81 silencing increased tomato susceptibility to RSI. Both SlWRKY30 and SlWRKY81 activated SlPR-STH2a/ b/ c/ d expression by directly binding to their promoters. Taking these results together, SlWRKY30 and SlWRKY81 synergistically regulate resistance to RSI by activating SlPR-STH2a/ b/ c/ d expression in tomato. Our results also highlight the potential of SlWRKY30 to improve tomato resistance to RSI via genetic manipulations.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019A1515110239), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020 M682732), and the Key Project of Biology Discipline Construction of Yan’an University (301200085).

Author contributions

F.F.D. and Y.F.W. conceived and designed the research; F.F.D., J.H.L., Y.J.L., R.Y.J., Y.D.F., and F.D. performed the experiments; F.F.D., F.D., S.L.H., and Y.F.W. analyzed the data; F.F.D., F.D., and S.L.H. wrote the manuscript; all the authors revised the manuscript.

Data availability

All relevant data supporting our findings are available in the manuscript file or from the corresponding author upon request.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

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