Feeding the world: impacts of elevated [CO2] on nutrient content of greenhouse grown fruit crops and options for future yield gains

Abstract

Several long-term studies have provided strong support demonstrating that growing crops under elevated [CO₂] can increase photosynthesis and result in an increase in yield, flavour and nutritional content (including but not limited to Vitamins C, E and pro-vitamin A). In the case of tomato, increases in yield by as much as 80% are observed when plants are cultivated at 1000 ppm [CO₂], which is consistent with current commercial greenhouse production methods in the tomato fruit industry. These results provide a clear demonstration of the potential for elevating [CO₂] for improving yield and quality in greenhouse crops. The major focus of this review is to bring together 50 years of observations evaluating the impact of elevated [CO₂] on fruit yield and fruit nutritional quality. In the final section, we consider the need to engineer improvements to photosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation to allow plants to take greater advantage of elevated CO₂ growth conditions.

Acknowledgements

This research is funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Collaborative Training Partnerships (CTP) for Fruit Crop Research in partnership with NIAB EMR and Reading University. N.H.D was supported by “Realising increased photosynthetic efficiency to increase strawberry yields” (BBSRC, BB/S507192/1) awarded to A.J.S. A.J.S is supported by the Growing Kent and Medway Program, UK; Ref 107139.

Author Contributions

N.H.D and A.J.S drafted and wrote the manuscript with input from T.L, C.A.R and C.W who also edited the final version.

Conflict of interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

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