With the increasingly severe problem of air pollution and energy crisis, new energy power generation technology in ship has quickly become the focus of attention. Compared with traditional ships, hybrid shipboard microgrid systems can achieve pollution-free, renewable and high use value. However, the integration of electricity-gas-heat in hybrid energy shipboard microgrid system also poses challenges to current optimization methods. Therefore, this paper develops a bi-level optimization dispatch model for hybrid shipboard microgrid system based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm. Taking the diesel generators, photovoltaic generation system, energy storage system (ESS) and thermal energy storage equipment into account, a hybrid shipboard microgrid system model considering electricity-gas-heat coupling is constructed. Based on this, a bi-level optimization dispatch model is established to reduce total cost, GHG (GHG) emissions and lifespan loss of ESS. The upper-level model achieves the optimization dispatch of power generation equipment and loads; a lower-level optimization model with the goal of reducing the lifespan loss of ESS is constructed. The improved multi-objective and single-objective particle swarm optimization algorithms are introduced to find the optimal dispatch solutions for bi-level optimization dispatch model. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed optimization method can not only reduce the cost and GHG emissions by 8.7% and 10.9%, but also improve the cycle life of ESS by 9.2%.

In the domains of low/zero carbon energy, the ship energy storage system, coupled with phase-change storage and release technology, holds significant importance. The utilization of a flat micro-heat pipe as the primary heat transfer element prompts the development of a test platform and a transient heat transfer model for the heat storage device. This is in response to existing challenges such as a single structure, poor temperature uniformity, and low thermal efficiency in current heat storage technology. The study delves into the impact of varying temperatures and flow rates of heat transfer fluids on the overall performance of heat storage devices and heat transfer efficiency. The findings highlight that the staggered double plate micro-heat pipe structure can enhance total heat storage by 11%, average heat storage power by 19%, and heat storage efficiency by 21% compared to the heat storage device with a single flat micro-heat pipe structure. It becomes evident that the heat storage device with the staggered double heat pipe structure outperforms its counterpart. Additionally, Temperature and flow velocity play pivotal roles in determining the heat transfer performance of phase change materials. As the temperature difference between the heat transfer fluid and the phase change material increases, both the phase transition rate and the equivalent Nusselt number also rise, providing a crucial foundation for examining the heat transfer characteristics of phase change materials during different stages of phase transition.

The MgO-activated SiO₂ system demonstrates potential for a low carbon footprint throughout its lifecycle and is characterized by favorable mechanical properties, low alkalinity, and a high specific surface area, which shows promise in replacing traditional silicate cement in certain applications. The current system faces challenges such as slow early hydration rate, low early strength, and inadequate volume stability, which impede its further development and application. The MgO-activated SiO₂ system was improved and optimized through multiple tests using carbonation (CO₂ gas/NaHCO₃ solution), nanomaterials (whiskers), and fiber (organic/inorganic fiber) composite reinforcement. This paper provides an overview of the hydration mechanism of the MgO-activated SiO₂ system, explores modifications and control measures based on this mechanism, and discusses the potential applications and future development of the MgO-activated SiO₂ system.

This research presents a facile and inexpensive method for synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles using Nauclea latifolia fruit extract as a bioreductant and stabilizer. The prepared particles were characterized using some analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystallinity and phase identification, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study surface morphology, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for functional groups analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for grain size analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy for optical properties, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) for surface area analysis. XRD analysis revealed a hexagonal wurtzite structure with an average crystallite size of 14.40 nm. FTIR showed absorption peaks at 3659, 1341, and 460 cm⁻¹, corresponding to hydroxyl, carboxylic, and Zn-O, respectively. SEM image showed an agglomerated surface morphology with a flower-like shape. TEM estimated the particle size range to be 12.54-17.35 nm. UV-Vis scanning showed a broad peak at 373 nm. BET revealed 277.420 m²/g as the specific surface area. A batch adsorption experiment conducted on the performance of the nanoparticles for methyl green (MG) removal from aqueous solution showed highest efficiency of 99.96% at 60 min agitation time and pH of 7, with 0.05 g of the ZnO NPs, confirming the efficiency of the particles. The results of adsorption modelling revealed that the adsorption data were best fit to Freundlich isotherm and general-order kinetic models. Thermodynamic investigation confirmed the adsorption process as spontaneous, feasible, endothermic, and physical. Finally, the simplicity of the synthesis method and the performance evaluation of the ZnO nanoparticles indicate that an efficient and cost-effective adsorbent for MG recovery from aqueous solution has been successfully prepared.

The Chinese new energy vehicle (NEV) industry has developed rapidly, which has become one of the largest NEV markets in the world. The Chinese government has played a pivotal role in supporting and promoting the NEV industry, leading to significant advancements in policies, technology, infrastructure, industrial chain, and market development. This support has been evident through the implementation of numerous favorable policies, including increased support in finance, taxation, and technology innovation, as well as initiatives to promote research, development, and application of NEV products. Furthermore, subsidy policies have been introduced to incentivize consumers to purchase NEVs and enhance their competitiveness in the market. Additionally, regulations mandating a certain proportion of NEV production and sales for automakers have been put in place, contributing to the widespread advancement of the Chinese NEV industry. While the Chinese NEV industry has seen substantial growth, it also faces challenges and opportunities. To further its development, it is essential for vehicle manufacturers to prioritize technological innovation, the government to continue introducing supportive policies, users to increase environmental awareness, and for collaboration between academia and industry to drive research efforts. The development of the Chinese NEV industry is not only in line with the global trend of environmental protection, energy security, and industrial transformation, but also an important link in promoting the progress of the global NEV industry.

This study investigated rice straw hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in water, optimizing operating conditions to enhance solid carbon content and nitrogen content in hydrochar. Additionally, we conducted hydrothermal co-carbonization (co-HTC) of rice straw and acid whey, achieving significant improvements in hydrochar properties. Co-HTC resulted in a 53.6% increase in HHVs, 20.0% higher yield, and a 42.7% rise in carbon content, accompanied by notable reductions in ash content. Nitrogen content increased by 26.0%, P content by 12.7 times, and K content by 27.6%. Analytical techniques revealed promising modifications, indicating potential applications of hydrochar in solid fuel or organic fertilizers, thus contributing to a circular bioeconomy in agricultural waste management.