Disparities in 36 cancers across 185 countries: secondary analysis of global cancer statistics

Abstract

Cancer is a major public health problem and represents substantial disparities worldwide. This study reported estimates for 36 cancers across 185 countries by incidence, mortality, 5-year prevalence, mortality-to-prevalence ratio (MPR), and mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) to examine its association with human development index (HDI) and gross national income (GNI). Data were collected from the GLOBOCAN 2020. MPR and MIR were calculated by sex, age group, country, and cancer type and then summarized into totals. Segi’s population and global cancer spectrum were used to calculate age- and type-standardized ratios. Correlation analyses were conducted to assess associations. Results showed that breast cancer was the most diagnosed cancer globally. Low- and middle-income countries had high MPR and MIR. Cancers of esophagus, pancreas, and liver had the highest ratios. Males and the older population had the highest ratios. HDI and GNI were positively correlated with incidence and mortality but negatively correlated with MPR/MIR. Substantial disparities in cancer burden were observed among 36 cancer types across 185 countries. Socioeconomic development may contribute to narrowing these disparities, and tailored strategies are crucial for regional- and country-specific cancer control.

Keywords

cancer / burden / mortality-to-prevalence ratio / mortality-to-incidence ratio / disparities / global

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No. 2021-I2M-1-033), the Jing-jin-ji Special Projects for Basic Research Cooperation (No. J200017) and the Sanming Project of the Medicine in Shenzhen (No. SZSM201911015).

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-024-1058-6 and is accessible for authorized users.

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Conflicts of interest Qianru Li, Changfa Xia, He Li, Xinxin Yan, Fan Yang, Mengdi Cao, Shaoli Zhang, Yi Teng, Siyi He, Maomao Cao, and Wanqing Chen declared no conflicts of interest.

This manuscript does not involve a research protocol requiring approval by the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee.

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