一种光热转换和天空辐射制冷耦合的光谱选择性表面

A spectrally selective surface structure for combined photothermic conversion and radiative sky cooling

Abstract

The sun and outer space are the ultimate heat and cold sources for the earth, respectively. They have significant potential for renewable energy harvesting. In this paper, a spectrally selective surface structure that has a planar polydimethylsiloxane layer covering a solar absorber is conceptually proposed and optically designed for the combination of photothermic conversion (PT) and nighttime radiative sky cooling (RC). An optical simulation is conducted whose result shows that the designed surface structure (i.e., PT-RC surface structure) has a strong solar absorption coefficient of 0.92 and simultaneously emits as a mid-infrared spectral-selective emitter with an average emissivity of 0.84 within the atmospheric window. A thermal analysis prediction reveals that the designed PT-RC surface structure can be heated to 79.1°C higher than the ambient temperature in the daytime and passively cooled below the ambient temperature of approximately 10°C in the nighttime, indicating that the designed PT-RC surface structure has the potential for integrated PT conversion and nighttime RC utilization.

Keywords

solar energy / photothermic conversion / radiative sky cooling / spectral selectivity / multilayer film

参考文献

[1] Gang P, Huide F, Huijuan Z, Jie J. Performance study and parametric analysis of a novel heat pipe PV/T system. Energy, 2012, 37(1): 384–395

[2] Sabiha M A, Saidur R, Mekhilef S, Mahian O. Progress and latest developments of evacuated tube solar collectors. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, 51: 1038–1054

[3] Hu Z, He W, Ji J, Zhang S. A review on the application of Trombe wall system in buildings. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 70: 976–987

[4] Lu X, Xu P, Wang H, Yang T, Hou J. Cooling potential and applications prospects of passive radiative cooling in buildings: the current state-of-the-art. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 65: 1079–1097

[5] Zhao B, Hu M, Ao X, Xuan Q, Pei G. Spectrally selective approaches for passive cooling of solar cells: a review. Applied Energy, 2020, 262: 114548

[6] Zhu L, Raman A, Wang K X, Anoma M A, Fan S. Radiative cooling of solar cells. Optica, 2014, 1(1): 32–38

[7] Hsu P C, Song A Y, Catrysse P B, Liu C, Peng Y, Xie J, Fan S, Cui Y. Radiative human body cooling by nanoporous polyethylene textile. Science, 2016, 353(6303): 1019–1023

[8] Raman A P, Li W, Fan S. Generating light from darkness. Joule, 2019, 3(11): 2679–2686

[9] Raman A P, Anoma M A, Zhu L, Rephaeli E, Fan S. Passive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlight. Nature, 2014, 515(7528): 540–544

[10] Zhao B, Hu M, Ao X, Chen N, Pei G. Radiative cooling: a review of fundamentals, materials, applications, and prospects. Applied Energy, 2019, 236: 489–513

[11] Granqvist C G. Radiative heating and cooling with spectrally selective surfaces. Applied Optics, 1981, 20(15): 2606–2615

[12] Ito S, Miura N. Studies of radiative cooling systems for storing thermal energy. ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 1989, 111(3): 251–256

[13] Hu M, Zhao B, Ao X, Feng J, Cao J, Su Y, Pei G. Experimental study on a hybrid photo-thermal and radiative cooling collector using black acrylic paint as the panel coating. Renewable Energy, 2019, 139: 1217–1226

[14] Granqvist C G, Hjortsberg A. Radiative cooling to low temperatures: general considerations and application to selectively emitting SiO films. Journal of Applied Physics, 1981, 52(6): 4205–4220

[15] Granqvist C G, Hjortsberg A. Surfaces for radiative cooling: silicon monoxide films on aluminum. Applied Physics Letters, 1980, 36(2): 139–141

[16] Catalanotti S, Cuomo V, Piro G, Ruggi D, Silvestrini V, Troise G. The radiative cooling of selective surfaces. Solar Energy, 1975, 17(2): 83–89

[17] Parker D S, Sherwin J R. Evaluation of the night cool nocturnal radiation cooling concept : annual performance assessment in scale test buildings. Program Report. 2008

[18] Rephaeli E, Raman A, Fan S. Ultrabroadband photonic structures to achieve high-performance daytime radiative cooling. Nano Letters, 2013, 13(4): 1457–1461

[19] Zhai Y, Ma Y, David S N, Zhao D, Lou R, Tan G, Yang R, Yin X. Scalable-manufactured randomized glass-polymer hybrid metamaterial for daytime radiative cooling. Science, 2017, 355(6329): 1062–1066

[20] Fan S, Raman A. Metamaterials for radiative sky cooling. National Science Review, 2018, 5(2): 132–133

[21] Mandal J, Fu Y, Overvig A C, Jia M, Sun K, Shi N N, Zhou H, Xiao X, Yu N, Yang Y. Hierarchically porous polymer coatings for highly efficient passive daytime radiative cooling. Science, 2018, 362(6412): 315–319

[22] Li T, Zhai Y, He S, Gan W, Wei Z, Heidarinejad M, Dalgo D, Mi R, Zhao X, Song J, Dai J, Chen C, Aili A, Vellore A, Martini A, Yang R, Srebric J, Yin X, Hu L. A radiative cooling structural material. Science, 2019, 364(6442): 760–763

[23] Hu M, Pei G, Li L, Zheng R, Li J, Ji J. Theoretical and experimental study of spectral selectivity surface for both solar heating and radiative cooling. International Journal of Photoenergy, 2015, 2015: 1–9

[24] Hu M, Pei G, Wang Q, Li J, Wang Y, Ji J. Field test and preliminary analysis of a combined diurnal solar heating and nocturnal radiative cooling system. Applied Energy, 2016, 179: 899–908

[25] TFCalc. Version 3.5. Portland: Software Spectra, 2019

[26] Querry M.Optical constants of minerals and other materials from the millimeter to the ultraviolet. Contract Report, 1987

[27] Gupta V, Probst P T, Goßler F R, Steiner A M, Schubert J, Brasse Y, König T A F, Fery A. Mechanotunable surface lattice resonances in the visible optical range by soft lithography templates and directed self-assembly. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(31): 28189–28196

[28] Palik E D. Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids. San Diego: Elsevier, 1985

[29] Refractive Index. 2019–5–24, available at website of refractiveindex.info

[30] Niklasson G A, Granqvist C G, Hunderi O. Effective medium models for the optical properties of inhomogeneous materials. Applied Optics, 1981, 20(1): 26–30

[31] Chester D, Bermel P, Joannopoulos J D, Soljacic M, Celanovic I. Design and global optimization of high-efficiency solar thermal systems with tungsten cermets. Optics Express, 2011, 19(S3): A245–A257

[32] Li Z, Zhao J, Ren L. Aqueous solution-chemical derived Ni-Al₂O₃ solar selective absorbing coatings. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2012, 105: 90–95

[33] Kou J L, Jurado Z, Chen Z, Fan S H, Minnich A J. Daytime radiative cooling using near-black infrared emitters. ACS Photonics, 2017, 4(3): 626–630

[34] Lee E, Luo T. Black body-like radiative cooling for flexible thin-film solar cells. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2019, 194: 222–228

[35] Zhao B, Hu M, Ao X, Chen N, Xuan Q, Jiao D, Pei G. Performance analysis of a hybrid system combining photovoltaic and nighttime radiative cooling. Applied Energy, 2019, 252: 113432

[36] Bao H, Yan C, Wang B, Fang X, Zhao C Y, Ruan X. Double-layer nanoparticle-based coatings for efficient terrestrial radiative cooling. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2017, 168: 78–84

[37] Ono M, Chen K, Li W, Fan S. Self-adaptive radiative cooling based on phase change materials. Optics Express, 2018, 26(18): A777–A787

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51776193, 51761145109, and 51906241).

版权

2020 Higher Education Press