
Chemical fertilizer reduction and soil fertility maintenance in rice–fish coculture system
Jian XIE, Xue WU, Jianjun TANG, Jiaen ZHANG, Xin CHEN
Chemical fertilizer reduction and soil fertility maintenance in rice–fish coculture system
In the long run, whether the use of chemical fertilizers could be reduced and soil fertility could be maintained through rice–fish coculture is less well known. At the pilot site of the rice–fish coculture system, which is one of the five “globally important agricultural heritage systems” (GIAHS), we conducted a 4-year study to compare fertilizer use, rice yield, and soil fertility in rice–fish coculture and rice monoculture. Based on the survey data from 21 villages, rice yield did not differ between rice monoculture and rice–fish coculture, but less chemical fertilizers were used in rice–fish coculture than in rice monoculture. Survey data from 145 farms also showed that rice–fish coculture farms with high input of feed for fish used less chemical fertilizers for rice production than farms with low input of feed for fish. In the 4-year field experiment, although less fertilizer was used in rice–fish coculture, rice yield, soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen, and soluble phosphorus did not differ between rice–fish coculture and rice monoculture. Our results suggest that rice–fish coculture can reduce chemical fertilizers application, enhance land productivity, and maintain soil fertility. Our results also suggest that rice–fish coculture could reduce the risk of non-point source pollution by reducing the input of chemical fertilizers.
rice monoculture / rice–fish coculture / fertilizers / rice yield / soil fertility
[1] |
Allison L E (1965). Organic carbon. In: Black C A, ed. Methods of Soil Analysis. Agronomy, 1367–1389
|
[2] |
Bao S D (2002). Organic matter. In: Bao S D, ed. Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 35
|
[3] |
Bremmer J M, Mulvaney C S (1982). Nitrogen total. In: Page A L, Miller R H, Keeney D R, eds. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Madison, WI: ASA and SSSA, 595–624
|
[4] |
Cassman K G, Dobermann A, Walters D T (2002). Agroecosystems, nitrogen-use efficiency, and nitrogen management. Ambio, 31(2): 132–140
|
[5] |
Chakraborty S C, Chakraborty S (1998). Effect of dietary protein level on excretion of ammonia in Indian major carp, Labeo rohita, fingerlings. Aquacult Nutr, 4(1): 47–51
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[6] |
Choudhury A T M A, Kennedy I R (2005). Nitrogen fertilizer losses from rice soils and control of environmental pollution problems. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal, 36(11-12): 1625–1639
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[7] |
Csathó P, SisÁk I, Radimszky L, Lushaj S, Spiegel H, Nikolova M T, Nikolov N, Čermák P, Klir J, Astover A, Karklins A, Lazauskas S, Kopiński J, Hera C, Dumitru E, Manojlovic M, Bogdanović D, Torma S, Leskošek M, Khristenko A (2007). Agriculture as a source of phosphorus causing eutrophication in central and eastern Europe. Soil Use Manage, 23(Suppl 1): 36–56
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[8] |
Mendoza T C (2008). Determinants of productivity and profitability of rice-fish farming systems. Asia Life Sci, 17(1): 21–42
|
[9] |
Fernando C H (1993). Rice field ecology and fish culture- an overview. Hydrobiologia, 259: 91–113
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[10] |
Frei M, Becker K (2005a). Integrated rice-fish culture: coupled production saves resources. Nat Resour Forum, 29(2): 135–143
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[11] |
Frei M, Becker K (2005b). A greenhouse experiment on growth and yield effects in integrated rice-fish culture. Aquaculture, 244(1-4): 119–128
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[12] |
Frei M, Khan M A M, Razzak M A, Hossain M M, Dewan S, Becker K (2007). Effects of a mixed culture of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), on terrestrial arthropod population, benthic fauna, and weed biomass in rice fields in Bangladesh. Biol Control, 41(2): 207–213
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[13] |
Guo J H, Liu X J, Zhang Y, Shen J L, Han W X, Zhang W F, Christie P, Goulding K W T, Vitousek P M, Zhang F S (2010). Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands. Science, 327(5968): 1008–1010
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[14] |
Halwart M (2006). Biodiversity and nutrition in rice-based aquatic ecosystems. J Food Compos Anal, 19(6-7): 747–751
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[15] |
Halwart M, Gupta M V (2004). Culture of Fish in Rice Fields. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) and the World Fish Center, 83
|
[16] |
Hossain M F, White S K, Elahi S F, Sultana N, Choudhury M H K, Alam Q K, Rother J A, Gaunt J L (2005). The efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for rice in Bangladeshi farmers’ fields. Field Crop Res, 93(1): 94–107
|
[17] |
Howarth R W, Billen G, Swaney D, Townsend A, Jaworski N, Lajtha K, Downing J A, Elmgren R, Caraco N, Jordan T, Berendse F, Freney J, Kudeyarov V, Murdoch P, Zhao-Liang Z (1996). Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N & P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: Natural and human influences. Biogeochemistry, 35(1): 75–139
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[18] |
Jabeen S, Salim M, Akhtar P (2004). Feed conversion ratio of major carp Cirrhinus Mrigala fingerlings fed on cotton seed meal, fish meal and barley. Pakistan Vet J, 24(1): 42–45
|
[19] |
Koohafkan P, Furtado J (2004). Traditional Rice Fish Systems and Globally Indigenous Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAS). Rome: FAO Rice Conference, 12–13
|
[20] |
Kuang X M, Liu X Y, Yu J B, Liu D Z, Huang H (2005). A study on physicochemical property in soil of paddy rice and goldfish commensalisms system. Freshwater Fisheries, 35(3): 33–35 (in Chinese)
|
[21] |
Kyaw K M, Toyota K, Okazaki M, Motobayashi T, Tanaka H (2005). Nitrogen balance in a paddy field planted with whole crop rice (Oryza sativa cv. Kusahonami) during two rice-growing seasons. Biol Fertil Soils, 42(1): 72–82
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[22] |
Lazzari R, Baldisserotto B (2008). Nitrogen and phosphorus waste in fish farming. Bol Inst Pesca Sao Paulo, 34(4): 591–600
|
[23] |
Li X Y, Huang J (2005). A preliminary trial on decrease and increase in number of rice plant-hoppers over non-tilling and fish raising paddy field. Journal of Guangxi Agriculture, 6: 7–9 (in Chinese)
|
[24] |
Li L, Zhang F S, Li X L, Christie P, Sun J H, Yang S C, Tang C X (2003). Interspecific facilitation of nutrient uptake by intercropped maize and faba bean. Nutr Cycl Agroecosys, 65(1): 61–71
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[25] |
Li L, Li S M, Sun J H, Zhou L L, Bao X G, Zhang H G, Zhang F S (2007). Diversity enhances agricultural productivity via rhizosphere phosphorus facilitation on phosphorus-deficient soils. P Natl Acad Sci USA, 104(27): 11192–11196
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[26] |
Mäder P, Fliessbach A, Dubois D, Gunst L, Fried P, Niggli U (2002). Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming. Science, 296(5573): 1694–1697
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[27] |
Matson P A, Parton W J, Power A G, Swift M J (1997). Agricultural Intensification and Ecosystem Properties. Science, 277(5325): 504–509
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[28] |
Oehme M, Frei M, Razzak M A, Dewan S, Becker K (2007). Studies on nitrogen cycling under different nitrogen inputs in integrated rice-fish culture in Bangladesh. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst, 79(2): 181–191
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[29] |
Olsen S R, Sommers L E (1982). Phosphorus. In: Page A L, ed. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Madison: Soil Science Society of America, 403–430
|
[30] |
Panda M M, Ghosh B C, Sinhababu D P (1987). Uptake of nutrients by rice under rice-cum-fish culture in intermediate deep water situation (upto 50-cm water depth). Plant Soil, 102(1): 131–132
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[31] |
Poggio S L (2005). Structure of weed communities occurring in monoculture and intercropping of field pea and barley. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 109(1-2): 48–58
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[32] |
Ruddle K (1982). Traditional integrated farming systems and rural development: the example of rice field fisheries in southeast Asia. Agricultural Administration, 10(1): 1–11
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[33] |
Singleton G R, Sudarmaji, Brown P R (2003). Comparison of different sizes of physical barriers for controlling the impact of the rice field rat, Rattus argentiventer, in rice crops in Indonesia. Crop Prot, 22(1): 7–13
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[34] |
Smil V (1999). Nitrogen in crop production: An account of global flows. Global Biogeochem Cycle, 13(2): 647–662
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[35] |
Szumigalski A R, Van Acker R C (2006). Nitrogen Yield and land use efficiency in annual sole crops and intercrops. Agron J, 98(4): 1030–1040
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[36] |
Tilman D, Cassman K G, Matson P A, Naylor R, Polasky S (2002). Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature, 418(6898): 671–677
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[37] |
Vromant N, Nhan D K, Chau N T H, Ollevier F (2002). Can fish control planthopper and leafhopper populations in intensive rice culture? Biocontrol Sci Technol, 12(6): 695–703
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[38] |
Vromant N, Nhan D K, Chau N T H, Ollevier F (2003). Effect of stocked fish on rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and rice caseworm Nymphula depunctalis populations in intensive rice culture. Biocontrol Sci Technol, 13(3): 285–297
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[39] |
Wang Z B (1997). Chronicles of Agriculture of Yongjia County. Beijing: Ocean Press, 11, 631 (in Chinese)
|
[40] |
Wang C H, Li S F (2004). Phylogenetic relationships of ornamental (koi) carp, Oujiang color carp and Long-fin carp revealed by mitochondrial DNA COII gene sequences and RAPD analysis. Aquaculture, 231(1-4): 83–91
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[41] |
Wang J Q, Lui H L, Po H R, Fan L N (1997). Influence of salinity on food consumption, growth and energy conversion efficiency of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. Aquaculture, 148(2-3): 115–124
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[42] |
Wang C H, Li S F, Xiang S P, Wang J, Liu Z G, Pang Z Y, Duan J P, Xu Z B (2006). Genetic parameter estimates for growth-related traits in Oujiang color common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. color). Aquaculture, 259(1-4): 103–107
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[43] |
Yang Y, Zhang H C, Hu X J, Dai Q G, Zhang Y J (2006). Characteristics of growth and yield formation of rice in rice-fish farming system. Agric Sci China, 5(2): 103–110
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[44] |
You X L (2006). Rice-fish culture: a typical model of sustainable traditional agriculture. Agricultural Archaeology, 4: 222–224 (in Chinese)
|
[45] |
Zhang Z X, Liu Z Z, Song Y K, He G Z (1991). Cycling utilization of Azolla potassium in rice-Azolla-fish symbiotic system. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2(3): 226–231 (in Chinese)
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |