Dynamic Reconstruction Engineering of Anti-Corrosion Ni-based Anodes for Alkaline Seawater Electrolysis

Abstract

Green hydrogen production via alkaline seawater electrolysis offers an environmentally sustainable and potentially cost-effective route to address both energy and climate challenges. Achieving long-term anode stability under complex ionic environments and industrial current densities remains a central bottleneck. Specifically, Ni-based anodes exhibit intense surface reconstruction during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), necessitating dynamic anti-corrosion strategies. This mini review systematically summarizes reconstruction engineering approaches to develop anti-corrosion Ni-based anodes of alkaline seawater electrolysis across increasingly complex ionic environments from simulated seawater to real seawater: (i) Cl^- dominated; (ii) Cl^- with co-existing oxyanions, and (iii) Cl^- with co-existing Br^-. Notably, the progress achieved by our group in dynamic reconstruction engineering is highlighted, as well as reported advances on reconstruction-induced chemical adsorption/fixation strategies to provide a broader mechanistic understanding. In a Cl^- dominated corrosive environment, the introduction of Ag component enables in situ reconstruction into AgCl under the operating potential. This process immobilizes Cl^- via AgCl formation and simultaneously suppresses interfacial Cl^- enrichment and penetration through a co-ion exclusion effect. For Cl^- with co-existing oxyanions, the oxyhydroxide species generated by Ni-based surface reconstruction preferentially adsorb oxygen-containing anions, thereby forming a stable anionic shielding layer. This layer lowers the probability of Cl^- approach and adsorption, leading to effective mitigation of Cl^--induced corrosion. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying bromide-induced anodic corrosion in Cl^- with co-existing Br^- are summarized, together with relevant reconstruction inhibition strategies. Finally, transferable anode design principles are proposed to push seawater electrolysis from materials demonstrations to device-level reliable operation.

Keywords

Alkaline seawater electrolysis / Dynamic surface reconstruction / Chloride-induced corrosion / Oxyanion shielding layer / Bromide-induced corrosion

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