Multi-phase separation in mitochondrial nucleoids and eukaryotic nuclei

Abstract

In mammalian cells, besides nuclei, mitochondria are the only semi-autonomous organelles possessing own DNA organized in the form of nucleoids. While eukaryotic nuclear DNA compaction, chromatin compartmentalization and transcription are regulated by phase separation, our recent work proposed a model of mitochondrial nucleoid self-assembly and transcriptional regulation by multi-phase separation. Herein, we summarized the phase separation both in the nucleus and mitochondrial nucleoids, and did a comparison of the organization and activity regulating, which would provide new insight into the understanding of both architecture and genetics of nucleus and mitochondrial nucleoids.

Graphical abstract

Acknowledgements

This study is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation projects of China (92157202, 32025010, 32241002, 92254301, 32261160376, 31970709, 32070729, 32100619, 32170747), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFA1103800, 2019YFA0904500), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB0480000), the Key Research Program, CAS (ZDBS-ZRKJZ-TLC003), International Cooperation Program, CAS (154144KYSB20200006), CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (YSBR-075), Guangdong Province Science and Technology Program (2023A1515030231, 2022A1515110493, 2020B1212060052, 2021A1515012513, 2021B1515020096, 2022A1515012616, 2022A1515110951), Guangzhou Science and Technology Program (202102020827, 202102080066), Open research funds of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital (202301-203), Open Research Program of Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, CAS (KLRB202107, KLRB202203), and CAS Youth Innovation Promotion Association (to Y. W and K. C).

Funding

This study is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation projects of China (92157202, 32025010, 32241002, 92254301, 32261160376, 31970709, 32070729, 32100619, 32170747), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFA1103800, 2019YFA0904500), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB0480000), the Key Research Program, CAS (ZDBS-ZRKJZ-TLC003), International Cooperation Program, CAS (154144KYSB20200006), CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (YSBR-075), Guangdong Province Science and Technology Program (2023A1515030231, 2022A1515110493, 2020B1212060052, 2021A1515012513, 2021B1515020096, 2022A1515012616, 2022A1515110951), Guangzhou Science and Technology Program (202102020827, 202102080066), Open research funds of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital (202301-203), Open Research Program of Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, CAS (KLRB202107, KLRB202203), and CAS Youth Innovation Promotion Association (to Y. W and K. C).

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2023 The Author(s)