Star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f.): dual therapeutic and nutritional potential in food and medicine

Abstract

Star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f., SA) is a well-known culinary seasoning in China and Vietnam. Actually, SA also has been widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine in China with a long history. Phytochemical analysis has revealed that SA contains a high concentration of essential oils, phenols, flavonoids, and other bioactive compounds that contribute to its diverse pharmacological properties. These properties include antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-oxidation, antiviral, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, antidiarrheal, and promoting hair growth. Various preclinical studies have shown that SA extracts and their active constituents may have potential therapeutic applications in preventing and treating various diseases. However, a comprehensive report on the relationship between the active ingredient, biological activity, and food characteristics of SA is rare. The medicinal value of SA has not been well valued and developed. This review provides an overview of the botanical chemistry and pharmacological properties of SA, as well as its potential innovative applications in food and personal care products, aiming to provide theoretical support for its further development and utilization.

Keywords

Homology of medicine and food / Pharmacology / Phytochemistry / Star anise

参考文献

[[1]] Djiazet S, Mezajoug Kenfack LB, Serge Ngangoum E, et al. Indigenous spices consumed in the food habits of the populations living in some countries of Sub-Saharan Africa: utilisation value, nutritional and health potentials for the development of functional foods and drugs: a review. Food Res Int. 2022;157:111280.

[[2]] Huang D, Zhou X, Si J, et al.Studies on cellulase-ultrasonic assisted extraction technology for flavonoids from Illicium verum residues. Chem Cent J. 2016;10(1):56.

[[3]] Yoshikawa T, Masaki T, Motooka M, et al. Highly toxic seeds of the Japanese star aniseIllicium anisatumare dispersed by a seed‐caching bird and a rodent. Ecol Res. 2018;33(2):495-504.

[[4]] Johanns ES, van der Kolk LE, van Gemert HMA, et al. An epidemic of epileptic seizures after consumption of herbal tea. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2002;146(17):813-816.

[[5]] van den Berg SJ, Serra-Majem L, Coppens P, et al. Safety assessment of plant food supplements (PFS). Food Funct. 2011;2(12):760-768.

[[6]] Chen JS. Essential role of medicine and food homology in health and wellness. Chin Herb Med. 2023;15(3):347-348.

[[7]] Yao RY, He CN, Xiao PG. “Food and medicine continuum” in the East and West: old tradition and current regulation. Chin Herb Med. 2023;15(1):6-14.

[[8]] Li W, Wu Z, Xia Y, et al.Antiviral and antioxidant components from the fruits of Illicium verum Hook.f.(Chinese Star Anise). J Agric Food Chem. 2022;70(12):3697-3707.

[[9]] Astani A, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Screening for antiviral activities of isolated compounds from essential oils. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:253643.

[[10]] Salem MA, El-Shiekh RA, Hashem RA, et al.In vivo antibacterial activity of star anise(Illicium verum Hook.) extract using murine MRSA skin infection model in relation to its metabolite profile. Infect Drug Resist. 2021;14:33-48.

[[11]] de Cassia da Silveira ESR, et al. A review on anti-inflammatory activity of phenylpropanoids found in essential oils. Molecules. 2014;19(2):1459-1480.

[[12]] Starowicz M, Zielinski H. Inhibition of advanced glycation end-product formation by high antioxidant-leveled spices commonly used in European cuisine. Antioxidants (Basel). 2019;8(4):100.

[[13]] De Blasio A, D’Anneo A, Lauricella M, et al. The beneficial effects of essential oils in anti-obesity treatment. Int [J] Mol Sci. 2021;22(21):11832.

[[14]] Patra JK, Das G, Bose S, et al.Star anise(Illicium verum): chemical compounds, antiviral properties, and clinical relevance. Phytother Res. 2020;34(6):1248-1267.

[[15]] Sy LK, Brown GD. Novel phenylpropanoids and lignans from Illicium verum. [J] Nat Prod. 1998;61(8):987-992.

[[16]] Sy L, Brown G. A seco-cycloartane from Illicium verum. Phytochem. 1998;48(7):1169-1171.

[[17]] Kang G, Mishyna M, Appiah KS, et al. Screening for plant volatile emissions with allelopathic activity and the identification of L-Fenchone and 1,8-Cineole from star Anise (Illicium verum) leaves. Plants (Basel). 2019;8(11):457.

[[18]] Wang Y, Liu T, Li M-F, et al.Composition, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities of polyphenols in the leaves of star anise(Illicium verum Hook. f.). Sci Asia. 2019;45(6):532.

[[19]] Song WY, Ma Y-B, Bai X, et al. Two new compounds and anti-HIV active constituents from Illicium verum. Planta Med. 2007;73(4):372-375.

[[20]] Hou ZL, Hu AL, Shi XL, et al. Research progress on chemical constituents and biological activities of Illicium verum Hook. f. [J] Chin Med Mater. 2021;44(8):2008-2017.

[[21]] Li SN, Sun J-F, Wang J-M, et al. Two new phenolic glycosides from the fruits of Illicium verum. [J] Asian Nat Prod Res. 2022;24(1):31-38.

[[22]] Aniya, Nomura Y, Fuerdeng, . Evaluation of allelopathic activity of Chinese medicinal plants and identification of Shikimic acid as an Allelochemical from Illicium verum Hook. f. Plants (Basel). 2020;9(6):684.

[[23]] Sabry BA, Farouk A, Badr AN. Bioactivity evaluation for volatiles and water extract of commercialized star anise. Heliyon. 2021;7(8):e07721.

[[24]] Khan S, Bhatti H, Abbas G, et al. Illicium verum extract exhibited anti-inflammatory action in rodents. Lett Drug Des Discov. 2018;15:678-686.

[[25]] Khan M, Shamim S.Anisi Stellati Fructus, a significant traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herb and its bioactivity against gastric cancer. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022;2022:4071489.

[[26]] Howes MJ, Kite GC, Simmonds MS. Distinguishing Chinese star anise from Japanese star anise using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. [J] Agric Food Chem. 2009;57(13):5783-5789.

[[27]] Matsushita T, Zhao JJ, Igura N, et al. Authentication of commercial spices based on the similarities between gas chromatographic fingerprints. [J] Sci Food Agric. 2018;98(8):2989-3000.

[[28]] Yu C, Zhang J, Wang T. Star anise essential oil: chemical compounds, antifungal and antioxidant activities: a review. [J] Essent Oil Res. 2020;33(1):1-22.

[[29]] El-Kersh DM, Mostafa NM, Fayez S, et al. GC-MS metabolites profiling of anethole-rich oils by different extraction techniques: antioxidant, cytotoxicity and in-silico enzymes inhibitory insights. [J] Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2022;37(1):1974-1986.

[[30]] Gholivand MB, Rahimi-Nasrabadi M, Chalabi H.Determination of essential oil components of star anise(Illicium verum) using simultaneous hydrodistillation-static headspace liquid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Anal Lett. 2009;42(10):1382-1397.

[[31]] Li P, Tian L, Li T. Study on ultrasonic-assisted extraction of essential oil from cinnamon bark and preliminary investigation of its antibacterial activity. Adv Appl Biotechnol. 2015:349-360.

[[32]] Nam PN, Lien P, Hoa T, et al.Microwave assisted Soxhlet extraction of essential oil from Vietnamese Star anise fruits(Illicium verum Hook. f.) and their chemical composition. Emirates J Food Agric. 2017;29(2):131-137.

[[33]] Shi Y, Chen G, Chen K, et al.Assessment of fresh star anise(Illicium verum Hook.f.) drying methods for influencing drying characteristics, color, flavor, volatile oil and shikimic acid. Food Chem. 2021;342:128359.

[[34]] Tian L, Li P. Study on the Soxhlet’s Extraction of Star Anise Oil and Preliminary Investigation of Its Antibacterial Activity. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer: 2015.

[[35]] Zhang W, Zhang Y, Yuan X, et al. Determination of volatile compounds of Illicium verumHook. f. Using simultaneous distillation-extraction and solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Trop [J] Pharm Res. 2015;14(10):1879.

[[36]] Ize-Ludlow D, Ragone S, Bruck IS, et al. Neurotoxicities in infants seen with the consumption of star anise tea. Pediatrics. 2004;114(5):e653-e656.

[[37]] Destro BGI, Jorge RMM, Mathias AL. Maximization of essential oil antioxidant capacity via star anise hydrodistillation. Braz [J] Chem Eng. 2019;36(4):1679-1688.

[[38]] Della Porta G, Taddeo R, D’Urso E, et al. Isolation of clove bud and star anise essential oil by supercritical CO2 extraction. LWT Food Sci Technol. 1998;31(5):454-460.

[[39]] Sharafan M, Jafernik K, Ekiert H, et al.Illicium verum(Star Anise) and trans-anethole as valuable raw materials for medicinal and cosmetic applications. Molecules. 2022;27(3):650.

[[40]] Zhang G, Yuan C, Sun Y. Effect of selective encapsulation of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin on components and antibacterial properties of star anise essential oil. Molecules. 2018;23(5):1126.

[[41]] Padmashree A, Roopa N, Semwal AD, et al.Star-anise(Illicium verum) and black caraway (Carum nigrum) as natural antioxidants. Food Chem. 2007;104(1):59-66.

[[42]] Zidan NS, Sakran M, Faridi UA.Chemical composition of Illicium Verum(Star Anise) fruit. Indo Am J Pharm Sci. 2019;6(2):4138-4144.

[[43]] Sadgrove NJ, Padilla-Gonzalez GF, Phumthum M. Fundamental chemistry of essential oils and volatile organic compounds, methods of analysis and authentication. Plants-Basel. 2022;11(6):789.

[[44]] Candeias NR, Assoah B, Simeonov SP. Production and synthetic modifications of shikimic acid. Chem Rev. 2018;118(20):10458-10550.

[[45]] Madia VN, Toscanelli W, De Vita D, et al. Ultrastructural damages to H1N1 influenza virus caused by vapor essential oils. Molecules. 2022;27(12):3718.

[[46]] Asif M, Saleem M, Saadullah M, et al.COVID-19 and therapy with essential oils having antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Inflammopharmacology. 2020;28(5):1153-1161.

[[47]] Kokoska L, Kloucek P, Leuner O, et al. Plant-derived products as antibacterial and antifungal agents in human health care. Curr Med Chem. 2019;26(29):5501-5541.

[[48]] Zhang LH, Zhang M, Ju R, et al. Antibacterial mechanisms of star anise essential oil microcapsules encapsulated by rice protein-depolymerized pectin electrostatic complexation and its application in crab meatballs. Int [J] Food Microbiol. 2023;384:109963.

[[49]] Dong JJ, Li W, Wang Q, et al. Relationships between oral microecosystem and respiratory diseases. Front Mol Biosci. 2022;8:718222.

[[50]] Tardugno R, Pellati F, Iseppi R, et al. Phytochemical composition and in vitro screening of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils on oral pathogenic bacteria. Nat Prod Res. 2018;32(5):544-551.

[[51]] Damayanti R, Zul Alfian T, Eddiyanto E. Characteristic of green synthesized Ag nanoparticle using extract and essential oil of Illicium verum Hook. f. as antibacterial. Rasayan [J] Chem. 2020;13(4):2483-2489.

[[52]] Mohanasundari L, Brindha Devi GB, Saiyad Musthafa M, et al.Effects of Illicium verum Hook. f.(Chinese herb) enriched diet on growth performance, immune response and disease resistance in Catla catla [Hamilton] fingerlings against Aeromonashydrophila. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022;127:455-462.

[[53]] Muhsinah AB, Maqbul MS, Mahnashi MH, et al. Antibacterial activity of Illicium verum essential oil against MRSA clinical isolates and determination of its phyto-chemical component. [J] King Saud Univ Sci. 2022;34(2):101800.

[[54]] Rahman MRT, Lou Z, Zhang J, et al.Star Anise(Illicium verum Hook. f.) as Quorum sensing and biofilm formation inhibitor on foodborne bacteria: study in milk. J Food Prot. 2017;80(4):645-653.

[[55]] Luís A, Sousa S, Wackerlig J, et al.Star anise(Illicium verum Hook. f.) essential oil: antioxidant properties and antibacterial activity against. Flavour Fragr J. 2019;34(4):260-270.

[[56]] Gafitanu CA, Filip D, Cernătescu C, et al. Formulation and evaluation of anise-based bioadhesive vaginal gels. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016;83:485-495.

[[57]] Singh G, Maurya S, deLampasona MP, et al. Chemical constituents, antimicrobial investigations and antioxidative potential of volatile oil and acetone extract of star anise fruits. [J] Sci Food Agric. 2006;86(1):111-121.

[[58]] Noh K, Back H-M, Shin BS, et al. Pharmacokinetics of Shikimic acid following intragastric and intravenous administrations in rats. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(9):824.

[[59]] You H, Zhang R, Wang L, et al. Chondro-protective effects of Shikimic acid on osteoarthritis via restoring impaired autophagy and suppressing the MAPK/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:634822.

[[60]] Sun JY, You C-Y, Dong K, et al. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of 3,4-oxo-isopropylidene-shikimic acid. Pharm Biol. 2016;54(10):2282-2287.

[[61]] Rabelo TK, Guimarães AG, Oliveira MA, et al. Shikimic acid inhibits LPS-induced cellular pro-inflammatory cytokines and attenuates mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2016;39:97-105.

[[62]] Rao S, Huang J, Shen Z, et al. Inhibition of TREM-1 attenuates inflammation and lipid accumulation in diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. [J] Cell Biochem. 2019;120(7):11867-11877.

[[63]] Kim MJ, et al. Hypolipogenic effect of Shikimic acid via inhibition of MID1IP1 and phosphorylation of AMPK/ACC. Int [J] Mol Sci. 2019;20(3):582.

[[64]] Sung YY, Kim YS, Kim HK. Illicium verum extract inhibits TNF-alpha- and IFN-gamma-induced expression of chemokines and cytokines in human keratinocytes. [J] Ethnopharmacol. 2012;144(1):182-189.

[[65]] Sung YY, Kim HK. Illicium verum extract suppresses IFN-gamma-induced ICAM-1 expression via blockade of JAK/STAT pathway in HaCaT human keratinocytes. [J] Ethnopharmacol. 2013;149(3):626-632.

[[66]] Domiciano TP, Dalalio Márcia Machado de Oliveira, Silva EL, et al. Inhibitory effect of anethole in nonimmune acute inflammation. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2013;386(4):331-338.

[[67]] Kanatt SR, Chawla SP, Sharma A. Antioxidant and radio-protective activities of lemon grass and star anise extracts. Food Biosci. 2014;6:24-30.

[[68]] Iftikhar N, Hussain AI, Kamal GM, et al.Antioxidant, anti-obesity, and hypolipidemic effects of polyphenol rich star anise(Illicium verum) tea in high-fat-sugar diet-induced obesity rat model. Antioxidants. 2022;11(11):2240.

[[69]] Bai L, Li X, He Li, et al. Antidiabetic potential of flavonoids from traditional Chinese medicine: a review. Am [J] Chin Med. 2019;47(5):933-957.

[[70]] Psotova J, Chlopcíková S, Miketová P, et al. Chemoprotective effect of plant phenolics against anthracycline-induced toxicity on rat cardiomyocytes. Part III. Apigenin, baicalelin, kaempherol, luteolin and quercetin. Phytother Res. 2004;18(7):516-521.

[[71]] Liu DL, Liu S-J, Hu S-Q, et al. Probing the potential mechanism of quercetin and Kaempferol against heat stress-induced Sertoli cell injury: through integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation. Int [J] Mol Sci. 2022;23(19):11163.

[[72]] Lan D, Qi S, Yao C, et al. Quercetin protects rat BMSCs from oxidative stress via ferroptosis. [J] Mol Endocrinol. 2022;69(3):401-413.

[[73]] Ibrahim FM, Ibrahim AY, Gohary E, et al. Illicium verum extracts anti-gastro ulcerogenic potential on experimentally rat models. Int [J] PharmTech Res. 2016;9(5):65-80.

[[74]] Khan HN, Rasheed S, Choudhary MI, et al. Anti-glycation properties of Illicium verum Hook. f. fruit in vitro and in a diabetic rat model. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2022;22(1):79.

[[75]] Tatipamula VB, Kukavica B. Phenolic compounds as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer agents and improvement of their bioavailability by liposomes. Cell Biochem Funct. 2021;39(8):926-944.

[[76]] Dewajanthi AM, Limanto A, Clarita C, et al.Hypoglicemic and antioxidant activities in extracts star anise (Illcium Verum Hook.f) on Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) diabetes. Indones J Biotechnol Biodivers. 2020;4(1):34-43

[[77]] Kamoun J, Rahier R, Sellami M, et al. Identification of a new natural gastric lipase inhibitor from star anise. Food Funct. 2019;10(1):469-478.

[[78]] Keely SJ, Barrett KE. Intestinal secretory mechanisms and diarrhea. Am [J] Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2022;322(4):G405-G420.

[[79]] Bi X, Soong YY, Lim SW, et al. Evaluation of antioxidant capacity of Chinese five-spice ingredients. Int [J] Food Sci Nutr. 2015;66(3):289-292.

[[80]] Díaz A, Vargas-Perez I, Aguilar-Cruz L, et al. A mixture of chamomile and star anise has anti-motility and antidiarrheal activities in mice. Revista Bras Farmacognosia. 2014;24(4):419-424.

[[81]] Choi M, Choi S-J, Jang S, et al. Shikimic acid, a mannose bioisostere, promotes hair growth with the induction of anagen hair cycle. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):17008.

[[82]] Ohn J, Been KW, Kim JY, et al. Discovery of a transdermally deliverable pentapeptide for activating AdipoR1 to promote hair growth. EMBO Mol Med. 2021;13(10):e13790.

[[83]] Peng W, Lin Z, Wang L, et al. Molecular characteristics of Illicium verum extractives to activate acquired immune response. Saudi [J] Biol Sci. 2016;23(3):348-352.

[[84]] Liu M, Yu Q, Xiao H, et al. The inhibitory activities and antiviral mechanism of medicinal plant ingredient quercetin against grouper iridovirus infection. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:586331.

[[85]] Sun LX, Chen J, Li M, et al.Effect of Star Anise(Illicium Verum) on the volatile compounds of stewed chicken. J Food Process Eng. 2014;37(2):131-145.

[[86]] Hesam Shahrajabian M, Sun W, Cheng Q. Survey on chemical constituent, traditional and modern pharmaceutical and health benefits of Chinese Star Anise, a treasure from the east. Pharmacogn Commun. 2021;11(1):31-35.

[[87]] Chan EWC, Chan H, Lim J, et al. Effects of different cooking methods on the bioactivities of some spices. Emirates [J] Food Agric. 2015;27(8):610-616.

[[88]] Zhang Y, Ji HY, Yu J. Aromatic constituents and their changes of Illicium verum processed by different heating methods. Ind Crops Prod. 2018;118:362-366.

[[89]] Jeevahan JJ, Chandrasekaran M, Venkatesan SP, et al. Scaling up difficulties and commercial aspects of edible films for food packaging: a review. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2020;100:210-222.

[[90]] Sáez-Orviz S, Rendueles M, Díaz M. Impact of adding prebiotics and probiotics on the characteristics of edible films and coatings—a review. Food Res Int. 2023;164:112381.

[[91]] Lee JS, Park MA, Yoon CS, et al. Characterization and preservation performance of multilayer film with insect repellent and antimicrobial activities for sliced wheat bread packaging. [J] Food Sci. 2019;84(11):3194-3203.

[[92]] Chung SK, Seo JY, Lim JH, et al.Barrier property and penetration traces in packaging films against Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) larvae and Plodia interpunctella (Herbst) adults. J Stored Prod Res. 2011;47(2):101-105.

[[93]] Neto ACD, et al. Double-bottom antimicrobial packaging for apple shelf-life extension. Food Chem. 2019;279:379-388.

[[94]] Wyrwisz J, Karp S, Kurek MA, et al. Evaluation of modified atmosphere packaging in combination with active packaging to increase shelf life of high-in beta-glucan gluten free cake. Foods. 2022;11(6):872.

[[95]] Zhang GJ, Guan T, Zhang J, et al. Theoretical and experimental investigation of sodium alginate composite films containing star anise ethanol extract/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. [J] Food Sci. 2021;86(2):434-442.

[[96]] Zhang GJ, Gu L, Lu Z, et al. Browning control of fresh-cut Chinese yam by edible coatings enriched with an inclusion complex containing star anise essential oil. RSC Adv. 2019;9(9):5002-5008.

[[97]] Huang Z, Liu X, Jia S, et al.The effect of essential oils on microbial composition and quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fillets during chilled storage. Int J Food Microbiol. 2018;266:52-59.

[[98]] Lin Q, Sun H, Yao K, et al. The prevalence, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of staphylococcus aureus in bulk ready-to-eat foods. Biomolecules. 2019;9(10):524.

[[99]] Lee JS, Chang Y, Park MA, et al. Insect-repellent activity of PET-based film with star anise essential oil and its pilot-scale production for food packaging. Food Packag Shelf Life. 2020;25:100539.

[[100]] Dwivedy AK, Singh VK, Prakash B, et al. Nanoencapsulated Illicium verum Hook.f. essential oil as an effective novel plant-based preservative against aflatoxin B1 production and free radical generation. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018;111:102-113.

[[101]] Kedia A, Dwivedy AK, Pandey AK, et al. Efficacy of chemically characterized Mill seed essential oil in protection of raw tobacco leaves during storage against fungal and aflatoxin contamination. [J] Appl Microbiol. 2015;119(4):991-998.

[[102]] Dwivedy AK, Prakash B, Chanotiya CS, et al. Chemically characterized Mentha cardiaca L. essential oil as plant based preservative in view of efficacy against biodeteriorating fungi of dry fruits, aflatoxin secretion, lipid peroxidation and safety profile assessment. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017;106:175-184.

[[103]] Guan TZ, Zhang G, Sun Y, et al. Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of HP-β-CD inclusion complex with alcohol extractives from star anise. Food Funct. 2021;12(20):10008-10022.

[[104]] Batory M, Rotsztejn H. Shikimic acid in the light of current knowledge. [J] Cosmet Dermatol. 2022;21(2):501-505.

[[105]] Zhang Z, Yang Y, Sun Q, et al. Inhibition of biofilm formation and virulence factors of cariogenic oral pathogen streptococcus mutans by Shikimica. Microbiol Spectr. 2022;10(4):e0119922.

[[106]] Lal M, Begum T, Gogoi R, et al.Anethole rich Clausena heptaphylla (Roxb.) Wight & Arn., essential oil pharmacology and genotoxic efficiencies. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):9978.

[[107]] Kwon YW, Lee S-H, Kim A-R, et al. Plant callus-derived shikimic acid regenerates human skin through converting human dermal fibroblasts into multipotent skin-derived precursor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;12(1):346.

[[108]] Newberne P, Smith RL, Doull J, et al. The FEMA GRAS assessment of trans-anethole used as a flavouring substance. Food Chem Toxicol. 1999;37(7):789-811.

[[109]] Patrizi A, Pileri A, Bellini F, et al. Atopic dermatitis and the atopic march: what is new? J Allergy (Cairo). 2011;2011:279425.

[[110]] Sung YY, Yang WK, Lee AY, et al. Topical application of an ethanol extract prepared from Illicium verum suppresses atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. [J] Ethnopharmacol. 2012;144(1):151-159.

[[111]] Jian Y, Li S, Li D, et al.Evaluation of the in vitro acaricidal activity of ethanol extracts of seven Chinese medicinal herbs on Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Acari: Macronyssidae). Exp Appl Acarol. 2022;87(1):67-79.

[[112]] Ding CY, Ma Y-M, Li B, et al.Identification and functional analysis of differentially expressed genes in Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in response to trans-anethole. J Insect Sci. 2022;22(1):3.

[[113]] Jian Y, Yuan H, Li D, et al.Evaluation of the in vitro acaricidal activity of Chinese herbal compounds on the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae). Front Vet Sci. 2022;9:996422.

[[114]] Peter R,Josende ME, da Silva Barreto J, et al. Effect of Illicium verum(Hook) essential oil on cholinesterase and locomotor activity of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer). Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2022;181:105027.

[[115]] Elmhalli F, Pålsson K, Örberg J, et al.Acaricidal properties of ylang-ylang oil and star anise oil against nymphs of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae). Exp Appl Acarol. 2018;76(2):209-220.

[[116]] Soonwera M, Moungthipmalai T, Takawirapat W, et al. Ovicidal and repellent activities of several plant essential oils against Periplaneta americana L. and enhanced activities from their combined formulation. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):12070.

[[117]] Li Y, Wang Y, Kong W, et al. Illicium verum essential oil, a potential natural fumigant in preservation of lotus seeds from fungal contamination. Food Chem Toxicol. 2020;141:111347.

版权

2024 Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine