Solution-processed D-A-π-A-D radicals for highly efficient photothermal conversion

Abstract

Organic donor-acceptor semiconductors exhibit great potential in photothermal conversion. However, it is still challenging to achieve pure organic materials with broad absorption comparable with inorganic materials such as graphene. Herein, two D-AD type DPA-BT-O₄ and NDI-TPA-O₄ and three D-A-π-A-D type Th-O₄, Th₂-O₄, and IDT-O₄ were readily prepared via two high-yield steps and simple air oxidization. The stability can be attributed to their multiple resonance structures based on the aromatic nitric acid radical mechanism. Compared with the D-A-D radicals, the conjugation extension of the D-A-π-A-D radicals endows them with a narrowed band gap and broad absorption in powder. Interestingly, the IDT-O₄ powder with aggregation-induced radical effect exhibits broad absorption between 300 and 2500 nm, which is comparable with graphene and other inorganic materials. Under irradiation of 0.9 W/cm² (808 nm), the temperature of IDT-O₄ powder rises to 250°C within 60 s. The water evaporation conversion efficiency of 94.38% and an evaporation rate of 1.365 kg/m² h^-1 under one sun illumination were achieved. IDT-O₄ stands as one of the most efficient photothermal conversion materials among pure organic materials via a rational design strategy.

Keywords

donor-acceptor / near-infrared absorption / open-shell radicals / photothermal conversion / seawater desalination

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