Oct 2017, Volume 2 Issue 2

    
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  • Review
    Neuropsychology in ischemic stroke:stress,allostasis and allostatic load
    Ling Guan, Jean-Paul Collet
    Journal of Translational Neuroscience. 2017, 2 (2) : 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2096-0689.2017.02.001
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    As a complicated cerebrovascular disorder,ischemic stroke involves a series of mind-body connections. The “stress” refers to a state of threatened homeostasis caused by any form of internal or external disturbing forces. The “stress response” is a counteracting force that neutralizes the effects of stressors and re-establish homeostasis, which may cause two different outcomes, the allostasis and allostatic load. The prompt stress system is the autonomic nervous system (ANS) with two branches the sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PNS) nervous systems that play an important role in regulating stress response. As a typical example and final endpoint of allostatic load, ischemic stroke and its complications are related to stress and autonomic dysfunction.Different clinical tests are described for assessing autonomic function in ischemic stroke. This review may bring possibilities for future study to investigate specific treatment on ANS function and stress management on the context of traditional stroke therapies, and thus help improve the clinical outcomes and prognosis of ischemic stroke.
  • Review
    Computational fluid dynamics modeling in intracranial atherosclerotic disease
    Linfang Lan, Xinyi Leng
    Journal of Translational Neuroscience. 2017, 2 (2) : 7-15. https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2096-0689.2017.02.002
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    Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is an important cause for ischemic stroke and transient ischemic stroke (TIA) throughout the world, especially in Asians, which is not fully appreciated, partly due to its inaccessibility and limitations of current neuroimaging methods. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling technique provides a novel approach to reveal the hemodynamic characteristics in ICAD, e.g., the distributions of pressure, wall shear stress and flow velocity.In this review article, we aim to provide an overview of the general methodology of CFD modeling in arterial stenotic diseases, the established application of this technique in coronary artery disease, and more importantly,perspectives and challenges of this technique in the investigation of ICAD. Promising findings of preliminary studies using a CFD model for hemodynamic analysis in ICAD warrant verifications. Further studies in this area will help rectify loopholes in the current secondary prevention strategy, and inform individualized treatment for ICAD patients in the near future.
  • Review
    Latest progress in the research of protein kinase C (PKC) isoform-specific signaling and PKC-modulated autophagy in ischemic stroke
    Rongrong Hua, Nan Zhang, Yanling Yin, Junfa Li
    Journal of Translational Neuroscience. 2017, 2 (2) : 16-24. https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2096-0689.2017.02.003
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    Ischemic stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and currently there is no effective treatment. The family of protein kinase C (PKCs) could phosphorylate serine or threonine residues of its substrate proteins and play a key role in the ischemia/reperfusion injury. Autophagy is essential for maintaining cell homeostasis under physiological condition and acts as a double-edged sword in the process of ischemic neuronal death. In this article, we reviewed the PKCs isoform-specific signaling pathways and PKC-modulated autophagy in ischemic stroke.
  • Review
    Animal models and molecular mechanism of major depressive disorder
    Di Hu, Lei Liu
    Journal of Translational Neuroscience. 2017, 2 (2) : 25-30. https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2096-0689.2017.02.004
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    Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been a devastating neurological problem in modern history.However, therapeutic strategies to relief the disease are inadequate. The limit in understanding of the molecular mechanism of MDD has been holding back discovery of new therapies. Behind this problem is the establishment of animal models to truly reflect human MDD pathology.In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanism of MDD and the strength and weakness of rodent models of depression. Developing new models of MDD and finding new drugable targets are still important steps to discover new therapies against MDD.
  • Review
    The effects of hypoxia on major blood components: a brief review
    Ming Li, Yang Li, Changhong Ren, Hong An, Fang Jiang, Feng Yan, Sijie Li, Di Wu, Changqing Xia, Xunming Ji
    Journal of Translational Neuroscience. 2017, 2 (2) : 31-36. https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2096-0689.2017.02.005
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    The prevalence of stroke displays obvious geographical variation and is higher on plateaus.Similarly, prolonged stay at high altitude is associated with higher incidence of stroke. High-altitude hypoxia can elicit various physiological dysfunctions, and hypoxia is suggested to be the principal contributing factor of stroke. In this brief review, the effects of hypoxia on the properties of the blood components such as erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes are presented, in an effort to inform the prevention and treatment of stroke in high-altitude areas.