@article{Nazim Abdul NARIMAN:1495, author = {Nazim Abdul NARIMAN, Ayad Mohammad RAMADAN, Ilham Ibrahim MOHAMMAD}, title = {Application of coupled XFEM-BCQO in the structural optimization of a circular tunnel lining subjected to a ground motion}, publisher = {Front. Struct. Civ. Eng.}, year = {2019}, journal = {Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering}, volume = {13}, number = {6}, eid = {1495}, numpages = {14}, pages = {1495}, keywords = {ovaling deformation;monte carlo sampling;XFEM-BCQO;maximum principal stress}, url = {https://journal.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/abstract/article_25530.shtml}, doi = {10.1007/s11709-019-0574-y} }